Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the immunocompromised child.

Fungal sinusitis in the immunocompromised child is an aggressive, invasive process that may result in a fatal outcome if not diagnosed early. As a result of increasing use of bone marrow transplantation and new cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents resulting in severe agranulocytopenia, more patients have become susceptible to fungal sinus disease. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has emerged recently as an important surgical modality in the treatment of sinus disease in adults and children. Use of this technique in immunosuppressed children has allowed early diagnosis of fungal sinonasal disease, resulting in earlier surgical intervention. The high-quality fiberoptic capability of nasal endoscopes allows very detailed visualization of the internal anatomy of the nose and detects early mucosal changes as a result of intranasal fungal disease. Our experience using functional endoscopic sinus surgery in immunocompromised children over an 18-month period is reviewed. Our philosophy for diagnosis and management of immunocompromised children with suspected fungal sinonasal disease is discussed.