Hyder Adnan A, Sugerman David, Ameratunga Shanthi, Callaghan Jennifer A
Department of International Health, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Acta Paediatr. 2007 Oct;96(10):1394-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00419.x.
To estimate the incidence and mortality rates for unintentional fall injuries in children under 5 years of age in three developing regions of the world.
This is a systematic review of literature on unintentional childhood fall injuries. A computerized PUBMED search of literature published between 1980 and 2006 was conducted and a manual search of journals was also completed.
Over 140,000 injuries to children under 19 years were reported in 56 studies (21 from Asia, 20 from Africa and 15 from South America); on an average 36% of injuries (52 575) were due to falls. The median incidence is estimated at 137.5 fall injuries per 100,000 children. The incidence of falls specific to the under-5 age group was reported in 16 studies with a median incidence of 40.6 falls per 100,000. The overall average incidence rate for childhood falls is highest in South America at 1315 followed by Asia at 1036 and Africa at 786 per 100,000, respectively. Average mortality rates were highest for Asia at 27 followed by Africa at 13.2 per 100,000, respectively.
This review demonstrates that the burden of falls on children has not been well documented, and is most likely under-reported. With the large and growing population of children in developing countries, the public health implications of the observed results are tremendous. Appropriate prevention relies on accurate statistics.
估算世界三个发展中地区5岁以下儿童意外跌倒受伤的发病率和死亡率。
这是一项关于儿童意外跌倒受伤的文献系统综述。对1980年至2006年间发表的文献进行了计算机化的PubMed检索，并完成了对期刊的手工检索。
56项研究报告了19岁以下儿童超过140,000例受伤情况（亚洲21项，非洲20项，南美洲15项）；平均36%的受伤情况（52575例）是由跌倒导致的。估计每10万名儿童中跌倒受伤的中位数发病率为137.5例。16项研究报告了5岁以下特定年龄组的跌倒发病率，中位数发病率为每10万例中有40.6例跌倒。儿童跌倒的总体平均发病率在南美洲最高，为每10万例中有1315例，其次是亚洲，为每10万例中有1036例，非洲为每10万例中有786例。平均死亡率亚洲最高，为每10万例中有27例，其次是非洲，为每10万例中有13.2例。
本综述表明，跌倒对儿童造成的负担尚未得到充分记录，很可能报告不足。随着发展中国家儿童人口数量庞大且不断增长，观察结果对公共卫生的影响巨大。适当的预防措施依赖于准确的统计数据。
