Carryer Jenny, Gardner Glenn, Dunn Sandra, Gardner Anne
Massey University and Mid Central District Health Board, New Zealand.
J Clin Nurs. 2007 Oct;16(10):1818-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01823.x.
To draw on empirical evidence to illustrate the core role of nurse practitioners in Australia and New Zealand.
Enacted legislation provides for mutual recognition of qualifications, including nursing, between New Zealand and Australia. As the nurse practitioner role is relatively new in both countries, there is no consistency in role expectation and hence mutual recognition has not yet been applied to nurse practitioners. A study jointly commissioned by both countries' Regulatory Boards developed information on the core role of the nurse practitioner, to develop shared competency and educational standards. Reporting on this study's process and outcomes provides insights that are relevant both locally and internationally.
This interpretive study used multiple data sources, including published and grey literature, policy documents, nurse practitioner program curricula and interviews with 15 nurse practitioners from the two countries. Data were analysed according to the appropriate standard for each data type and included both deductive and inductive methods. The data were aggregated thematically according to patterns within and across the interview and material data.
The core role of the nurse practitioner was identified as having three components: dynamic practice, professional efficacy and clinical leadership. Nurse practitioner practice is dynamic and involves the application of high level clinical knowledge and skills in a wide range of contexts. The nurse practitioner demonstrates professional efficacy, enhanced by an extended range of autonomy that includes legislated privileges. The nurse practitioner is a clinical leader with a readiness and an obligation to advocate for their client base and their profession at the systems level of health care.
A clearly articulated and research informed description of the core role of the nurse practitioner provides the basis for development of educational and practice competency standards. These research findings provide new perspectives to inform the international debate about this extended level of nursing practice.
The findings from this research have the potential to achieve a standardised approach and internationally consistent nomenclature for the nurse practitioner role.
借鉴实证依据来说明澳大利亚和新西兰执业护士的核心作用。
已颁布的立法规定了新西兰和澳大利亚之间包括护理在内的资格互认。由于执业护士这一角色在两国都相对较新，角色期望不一致，因此资格互认尚未应用于执业护士。两国监管委员会联合委托开展的一项研究制定了关于执业护士核心作用的信息，以制定共同的能力和教育标准。报告这项研究的过程和结果能提供在本地和国际上都相关的见解。
这项诠释性研究使用了多种数据来源，包括已发表和灰色文献、政策文件、执业护士项目课程以及对来自两国的15名执业护士的访谈。根据每种数据类型的适当标准对数据进行分析，包括演绎法和归纳法。数据根据访谈和材料数据中的模式按主题进行汇总。
确定执业护士的核心作用有三个组成部分：动态实践、专业效能和临床领导力。执业护士的实践是动态的，涉及在广泛背景下应用高水平的临床知识和技能。执业护士展现出专业效能，因包括法定特权在内的更广泛自主权而得到增强。执业护士是临床领导者，愿意并有义务在医疗保健系统层面为其客户群体和职业进行倡导。
对执业护士核心作用的清晰阐述且基于研究的描述为制定教育和实践能力标准提供了基础。这些研究结果为有关这种扩展护理实践水平的国际辩论提供了新视角。
这项研究的结果有可能实现对执业护士角色的标准化方法和国际一致的命名。
