Verma Sarika, Watt Gregory M, Mai Zhiming, Hasan Tayyaba
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Photochem Photobiol. 2007 Sep-Oct;83(5):996-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00166.x.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality for the selective destruction of cancerous and nonneoplastic pathologies that involves the simultaneous presence of light, oxygen and a light-activatable chemical called a photosensitizer (PS) to achieve a cytotoxic effect. The photophysics and mechanisms of cell killing by PDT have been extensively studied in recent years, and PDT has received regulatory approval for the treatment of a number of diseases worldwide. As the application of this treatment modality expands with regard to both anatomical sites and disease stages, it will be important to develop strategies for enhancing PDT outcomes. This article focuses on two broad approaches for PDT enhancement: (1) mechanism-based combination treatments in which PDT and a second modality can be designed to either increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to PDT or nullify the treatment outcome-mitigating molecular responses triggered by PDT of tumors, and (2) the more recent approaches of PS targeting, either by specific cellular function-sensitive linkages or via conjugation to macromolecules.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种用于选择性破坏癌性和非肿瘤性病变的治疗方式，它涉及光、氧和一种称为光敏剂（PS）的可光激活化学物质同时存在，以实现细胞毒性作用。近年来，PDT的光物理性质和细胞杀伤机制已得到广泛研究，并且PDT已在全球范围内获得了多种疾病治疗的监管批准。随着这种治疗方式在解剖部位和疾病阶段方面的应用不断扩展，制定提高PDT疗效的策略将变得至关重要。本文重点介绍两种提高PDT疗效的广泛方法：（1）基于机制的联合治疗，其中PDT和第二种治疗方式可设计为要么增加肿瘤细胞对PDT的敏感性，要么消除由肿瘤PDT引发的减轻治疗效果的分子反应；（2）PS靶向的最新方法，即通过特定的细胞功能敏感连接或与大分子偶联。
