“如此之大”：幼儿身体自我意识的发展
"So big": the development of body self-awareness in toddlers.
作者信息
Brownell Celia A, Zerwas Stephanie, Ramani Geetha B
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
出版信息
Child Dev. 2007 Sep-Oct;78(5):1426-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01075.x.
Early development of body self-awareness was examined in 57 children at 18, 22, or 26 months of age, using tasks designed to require objective representation of one's own body. All children made at least one body representation error, with approximately 2.5 errors per task on average. Errors declined with age. Children's performance on comparison tasks that required them to reason about the relative size of objects and about objects as obstacles, without considering their own bodies, was unrelated to performance on the body awareness tasks. Thus, the ability to represent and reflect on one's own body explicitly and objectively may be a unique dimension of early development, a distinct component of objective self-awareness that emerges in this age period.
研究人员使用旨在要求对自身身体进行客观表征的任务，对57名18、22或26个月大的儿童的身体自我意识早期发展进行了考察。所有儿童至少出现了一次身体表征错误，平均每个任务约有2.5个错误。错误随着年龄增长而减少。儿童在比较任务中的表现，即要求他们在不考虑自身身体的情况下，对物体的相对大小以及物体作为障碍物进行推理，与身体意识任务中的表现无关。因此，明确且客观地表征和反思自身身体的能力可能是早期发展的一个独特维度，是在这个年龄阶段出现的客观自我意识的一个独特组成部分。
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