Hambsch Beate, Böckle Karin, van Lieverloo J Hein M
DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe, Germany.
J Water Health. 2007;5 Suppl 1:119-30. doi: 10.2166/wh.2007.143.
Data on E. coli incidence in drinking water samples have been evaluated for 4 European countries. Within the EC project MicroRisk, large volume sampling was done in the United Kingdom (with disinfectant residual), the Netherlands (mainly without disinfectant residual) and Germany (without disinfectant residual). No E. coli were found and very low background concentrations (<10(-4) per L) were calculated. Furthermore, data of 280,000 water samples collected in France (with disinfectant residual), the Netherlands and Germany (both with and without disinfectant residual) were evaluated for E. coli incidence. In total, similar results were obtained for Germany and the Netherlands. In France, significantly higher incidences occurred as more small rural supply systems were included. The detailed data evaluation revealed a slight increase of mean E. coli concentrations during distribution in Germany and the Netherlands, for both disinfected and non-disinfected supply zones. This suggests that, if technical measures are taken to avoid contamination during distribution, non-disinfected supply zones can be regarded as being as safe as disinfected supply zones. Furthermore, the indicator principle of E. coli for faecal contaminations is valid in non-disinfected supply zones. In chlorinated systems, on-line-monitoring of chlorine residuals represents a good means to detect ingress of organic material.
已对4个欧洲国家饮用水样本中的大肠杆菌发病率数据进行了评估。在欧盟项目MicroRisk中，英国（有消毒剂残留）、荷兰（主要无消毒剂残留）和德国（无消毒剂残留）进行了大容量采样。未发现大肠杆菌，计算得出的背景浓度极低（每升<10(-4)）。此外，还对法国（有消毒剂残留）、荷兰以及德国（有和无消毒剂残留）采集的280,000个水样中的大肠杆菌发病率数据进行了评估。总体而言，德国和荷兰得到了相似的结果。在法国，由于纳入了更多小型农村供水系统，发病率显著更高。详细的数据评估显示，在德国和荷兰，无论是消毒供水区还是未消毒供水区，在供水过程中大肠杆菌平均浓度均略有上升。这表明，如果采取技术措施避免供水过程中的污染，未消毒供水区可被视为与消毒供水区一样安全。此外，大肠杆菌作为粪便污染指示菌的原理在未消毒供水区是有效的。在氯化系统中，对氯残留进行在线监测是检测有机物质进入的良好手段。
