Ban T A, Galvan L, Udabe R U, Vergara L, Zoch C
W.H.O. Training Program in Biological Psychiatry, Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Dis Nerv Syst. 1974 Jul;35(7 Pt. 2):33-6.
New drug developments in four Latin American countries, i.e. Argentina, Costa Rica, Mexico and Panama and the United States were compared. In contradistinction to the United States, clinical investigations with newly developed drugs in the four countries are based on contracts between individual investigators and the pharmaceutical industry without governmental interference. There are no adequate facilities to develop new psychoactive preparation in the four Latin American countries. Nevertheless, psychopharmacological practices are essentially the same as in the United States or Canada and all important psychoactive preparations used in the United States are available in the Latin Americas. Some of the newer-thioxanthene, butyrophenone and diphenylbutylpiperidine preparations which are still under clinical investigation in the United States are already available for clinical use in Argentina, Costa Rica, Mexico and Panama. While there is less governmental control than in the United States or Canada, with regard to clinical investigations of drugs or with regard to marketing newly developed preparations, there is no evidence of abuse. Finally, it should be noted that the introduction of psychotropic drugs brought about a new era in psychiatry in the Latin Americas. It becomes increasingly obvious that psychiatry today is practiced on the basis of knowledge derived from clinical impressions and on the basis of findings verified in clinical testings, i.e. on the basis of two different standards. Accordingly, as in Europe and North America, a re-examination of traditional concepts has begun in the Latin Americas. There are indications that biological psychiatry in general, and psychopharmacology in particular, are gaining increasing importance in the Latin Americas. This has led to the creation of a training program in biological psychiatry by the World Health Organization in Montreal, in cooperation with the Division of Psychopharmacology of the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University.
对阿根廷、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥、巴拿马这四个拉丁美洲国家以及美国的新药研发情况进行了比较。与美国不同的是，这四个国家新研发药物的临床研究是基于个体研究者与制药行业之间的合同，没有政府干预。这四个拉丁美洲国家没有足够的设施来研发新的精神活性制剂。然而，精神药理学实践与美国或加拿大基本相同，美国使用的所有重要精神活性制剂在拉丁美洲都有。一些在美国仍处于临床研究阶段的较新的硫杂蒽类、丁酰苯类和二苯基丁基哌啶类制剂在阿根廷、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥和巴拿马已可用于临床。虽然在药物临床研究或新研发制剂的营销方面，政府控制比美国或加拿大少，但没有滥用的证据。最后，应该指出的是，精神药物的引入在拉丁美洲开创了精神病学的新时代。如今越来越明显的是，当今精神病学的实践是基于临床印象得出的知识以及临床测试中验证的结果，即基于两种不同的标准。因此，与欧洲和北美一样，拉丁美洲也开始重新审视传统观念。有迹象表明，总体而言生物精神病学，尤其是精神药理学，在拉丁美洲正变得越来越重要。这促使世界卫生组织在蒙特利尔与麦吉尔大学精神病学系精神药理学部门合作，创建了一个生物精神病学培训项目。
