Jeanbourquin P, Guerin P M
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Med Vet Entomol. 2007 Sep;21(3):209-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00685.x.
Horse and cow dung were tested as substrates for oviposition by the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L) (Diptera: Muscidae) in laboratory cages. Odour alone from either horse or cow dung was sufficient to attract flies for oviposition. This was confirmed in wind tunnel experiments, where both horse and cow dung were shown to attract gravid stable flies. However, when S. calcitrans was offered a choice between these two oviposition substrates, flies always chose horse dung over cow dung, both when allowed to contact the substrates and when relying on dung odour alone. Analyses of volatile compounds emanating from horse and cow dung by gas chromatography linked antennogram recordings from S. calcitrans antennae revealed no differences in the chemostimuli released from the two substrates. The predominant chemostimulant compounds in both substrates were carboxylic acids (butanoic acid), alcohols (oct-1-en-3-ol), aldehydes (decanal), ketones (octan-3-one), phenols (p-cresol), indoles (skatole), terpenes (beta-caryophyllene) and sulphides (dimethyl trisulphide). Higher levels (20-40 p.p.m.) of carbon dioxide were recorded over horse dung compared with cow dung, a factor that may contribute to the preference exhibited by S. calcitrans for this substrate for oviposition.
在实验室笼子里，对马粪和牛粪作为厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans (L)，双翅目：蝇科）产卵基质进行了测试。单独来自马粪或牛粪的气味就足以吸引苍蝇产卵。这在风洞实验中得到了证实，实验表明马粪和牛粪都能吸引孕卵的厩螫蝇。然而，当为厩螫蝇提供这两种产卵基质供其选择时，无论是允许其接触基质还是仅依靠粪便气味，苍蝇总是选择马粪而不是牛粪。通过气相色谱分析马粪和牛粪释放的挥发性化合物，并结合厩螫蝇触角的触角电图记录，结果显示两种基质释放的化学刺激物没有差异。两种基质中主要的化学刺激物化合物包括羧酸（丁酸）、醇类（1-辛烯-3-醇）、醛类（癸醛）、酮类（3-辛酮）、酚类（对甲酚）、吲哚类（粪臭素）、萜类（β-石竹烯）和硫化物（二甲基三硫化物）。与牛粪相比，马粪上方记录到更高水平（20 - 40 ppm）的二氧化碳，这一因素可能导致厩螫蝇对这种产卵基质表现出偏好。
