Williams Amy E, Rhudy Jamie L
Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 600 South College, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Dec;66(3):255-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.08.006. Epub 2007 Sep 7.
Research suggests affective picture-viewing modulates subjective and physiological reactions to noxious stimulation (pain report, heart rate acceleration, skin conductance response, nociceptive flexion reflex). Because the nociceptive flexion reflex (a spinal reflex) is modulated by picture-viewing, this suggests affective processes are able to modulate afferent nociception at spinal levels. This highlights the importance of assessing nociceptive reactivity from physiological measures mediated at different levels of the neuraxis (spinal vs. supraspinal) to help elucidate the mechanisms associated with pain regulation. The present study examined whether affective pictures modulate eyeblink reactions (a supraspinal reflex) to noxious stimulation. Healthy men and women (N=23) were recruited from the psychology subject pool to participate. Pictures (attack, loss, neutral, food, erotica) that manipulated affective valence and arousal were presented and noxious electrodermal stimulations were delivered to the sural nerve. Picture duration (500-ms vs. 6-s) was also manipulated, balanced across picture content. Results suggested affective valence and arousal contributed to the modulation of eyeblinks. Eyeblinks were larger during highly arousing unpleasant pictures (attack) than highly arousing pleasant pictures (erotica), but low arousal pictures (loss, food) did not lead to significant modulation. Affective modulation was independent of picture duration or the perceived painfulness of noxious stimulation. This study suggests eyeblink reactions can serve as a supraspinal outcome in procedures used to study affective modulation of pain and nociception.
研究表明,观看情感性图片会调节对有害刺激的主观和生理反应(疼痛报告、心率加快、皮肤电反应、伤害性屈曲反射)。由于伤害性屈曲反射(一种脊髓反射)会受到图片观看的调节,这表明情感过程能够在脊髓水平调节传入性伤害感受。这突出了从神经轴不同水平(脊髓与脊髓以上)介导的生理测量来评估伤害性反应性的重要性,以帮助阐明与疼痛调节相关的机制。本研究考察了情感性图片是否会调节对有害刺激的眨眼反应(一种脊髓以上反射)。从心理学受试者库中招募了健康男性和女性(N = 23)参与研究。呈现了操纵情感效价和唤醒水平的图片(攻击、损失、中性、食物、色情),并对腓肠神经施加有害的皮肤电刺激。图片持续时间(500毫秒与6秒)也进行了操纵,并在图片内容中保持平衡。结果表明,情感效价和唤醒水平有助于对眨眼的调节。在高度唤醒的不愉快图片(攻击)期间的眨眼比高度唤醒的愉快图片(色情)期间更大,但低唤醒图片(损失、食物)并未导致显著调节。情感调节与图片持续时间或有害刺激的感知疼痛程度无关。本研究表明,眨眼反应可作为用于研究疼痛和伤害感受的情感调节的程序中的一种脊髓以上结果。