Fujita Masaki, Kawakami Kazuto, Higuchi Hiroyoshi
Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2007 Dec;148(4):802-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.06.048. Epub 2007 Aug 22.
Single cycles of hopping and climbing were investigated in Japanese Pygmy Woodpeckers Picoides kizuki using motion analyses on video. Body movements on substrate angled from 0-90 degrees were compared for every 10 degrees. The body was inclined forward during stance phase for both small and large substrate angles, and the inclination amplitude increased when the substrate angle increased. The tail was bent ventrally almost simultaneously to this body inclination, and its amplitude was apparently high at large substrate angles. Most of the gait parameters changed when the stride length increased. The minimum body-tail angle and most of the parameters representing body movements during stance phase changed when the substrate angle increased, probably because gravity pulled the birds further backward when they were moving on a steeper slope. These parameters showed a clear difference between the data on substrate steeper than 40 degrees and lower than 30 degrees. The abrupt changes in these parameters most likely mean that the motor pattern changed from hopping to climbing between these angles.
利用视频运动分析，对日本姬啄木鸟的单周期跳跃和攀爬进行了研究。将底物角度从0至90度以每10度为单位进行比较，观察其身体运动情况。在小底物角度和大底物角度的站立阶段，身体均向前倾斜，且随着底物角度增加，倾斜幅度增大。尾巴几乎与身体倾斜同时向腹侧弯曲，在大底物角度时其弯曲幅度明显更大。当步幅增加时，大多数步态参数都会发生变化。当底物角度增加时，最小体尾角度以及大多数代表站立阶段身体运动的参数都会改变，这可能是因为鸟类在更陡峭的斜坡上移动时，重力将它们向后拉得更远。这些参数在底物角度大于40度和小于30度的数据之间显示出明显差异。这些参数的突然变化很可能意味着在这些角度之间运动模式从跳跃转变为攀爬。
