Nyakatura John A, Fischer Martin S, Schmidt Manuela
Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008 Jan;135(1):13-26. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20699.
The influence of different substrate inclinations on gaits and metric gait parameters (relative forelimb and hind limb protraction, relative forelimb, and hind limb retraction, stride length, stance, and swing phase duration) of cotton-top tamarin locomotion was studied using high-speed video films and evaluated by descriptive and analytical statistical methods. As previously shown, lateral sequence gaits predominantly occurred on descending arboreal substrates (branchlike pole with a smaller diameter than the animal's body). Gait sequence patterns display significant dependency on substrate inclination. Cotton-top tamarins utilize lower diagonality values the more the substrate declines. This tendency leads to a greater use of lateral sequence gaits on steeply declined substrates. Conversely, these primates display the tendency to utilize higher diagonality values the more the substrate inclines leading to the predominant occurrence of diagonal sequence (DS) gaits. Duty factor index, extent of relative protraction, and relative retraction of both limb pairs as well as the relation of forelimb stance phase duration to hind limb stance phase duration is also correlated to the inclination of the substrate. Stride length and swing phase duration display no significant dependence on inclination, but are determined by the speed of the moving animal. The relevant duty factor is approximately constant at all inclinations. Integrating our results with results of other authors we propose a hypothesis for the functional relevance of a utilization of lateral sequence gaits in downward locomotion and DS gaits in upward locomotion. Our data support the notion of a wide ranging behavioral plasticity as a general primate locomotor characteristic.
利用高速视频影片研究了不同底物倾斜度对棉顶狨猴运动步态及步态测量参数（相对前肢和后肢伸展、相对前肢和后肢收缩、步长、站立和摆动相持续时间）的影响，并通过描述性和分析性统计方法进行评估。如先前所示，外侧序列步态主要出现在下行的树栖底物上（直径小于动物身体的树枝状杆子）。步态序列模式显示出对底物倾斜度的显著依赖性。底物下降越多，棉顶狨猴使用的对角化值越低。这种趋势导致在急剧下降的底物上更多地使用外侧序列步态。相反，这些灵长类动物表现出底物倾斜越多，使用的对角化值越高的趋势，从而导致对角序列（DS）步态占主导地位。双肢对的负荷因子指数、相对伸展程度和相对收缩程度以及前肢站立相持续时间与后肢站立相持续时间的关系也与底物的倾斜度相关。步长和摆动相持续时间对倾斜度没有显著依赖性，而是由运动动物的速度决定。相关的负荷因子在所有倾斜度下大致恒定。将我们的结果与其他作者的结果相结合，我们提出了一个关于在向下运动中使用外侧序列步态和在向上运动中使用DS步态的功能相关性的假设。我们的数据支持了广泛的行为可塑性作为灵长类动物一般运动特征的观点。
