Haÿs S
Néonatalogie et réanimation néonatale, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse.
Arch Pediatr. 2007 Sep;14 Suppl 1:S2-4. doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(07)80003-0.
Cytomegalovirus can be detected in breast milk of almost all seropositive women. Postnatally acquired CMV infection through human milk feeding occurs as soon as the third week in premature infants. Even if this infection is often limited to serologic conversion, two other clinical presentations were reported. The more severe, a sepsis like syndrome, occurs more frequently among the more premature neonate. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis and mild increase in inflammatory markers depict the more frequent form. In both presentation, clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities are transient. Until now, no significant impact on long term outcome was reported, nonetheless studies focusing on that topic are scarce and a longer follow up might be required to ascertain the good outcome. Holder pasteurization inactivates CMV, meanwhile freezing-thawing does not.
几乎所有血清学阳性女性的母乳中都能检测到巨细胞病毒。通过母乳喂养在出生后获得的巨细胞病毒感染最早在早产儿出生第三周时就会发生。即使这种感染通常仅限于血清学转换，但也有另外两种临床表现的报道。较严重的一种是类似败血症的综合征，在早产儿中更常见。中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少、胆汁淤积以及炎症标志物轻度升高是更常见的表现形式。在这两种表现中，临床症状和实验室异常都是暂时的。到目前为止，尚未报道对长期预后有显著影响，尽管如此，针对该主题的研究很少，可能需要更长时间的随访来确定良好的预后。巴氏消毒法可使巨细胞病毒失活，而冻融则不能。
