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鱼类中的渗透胁迫感知与信号传导

Osmotic stress sensing and signaling in fishes.

作者信息

Fiol Diego F, Kültz Dietmar

机构信息

Physiological Genomics Group, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

出版信息

FEBS J. 2007 Nov;274(22):5790-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06099.x. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

Abstract

In their aqueous habitats, fish are exposed to a wide range of osmotic conditions and differ in their abilities to respond adaptively to these variations in salinity. Fish species that inhabit environments characterized by significant salinity fluctuation (intertidal zone, estuaries, salt lakes, etc.) are euryhaline and able to adapt to osmotic stress. Adaptive and acclimatory responses of fish to salinity stress are based on efficient mechanisms of osmosensing and osmotic stress signaling. Multiple osmosensors, including calcium sensing receptor likely act in concert to convey information about osmolality changes to downstream signaling and effector mechanisms. The osmosensory signal transduction network in fishes is complex and includes calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase, 14-3-3 and macromolecular damage activated signaling pathways. This network controls, among other targets, osmosensitive transcription factors such as tonicity response element binding protein and osmotic stress transcription factor 1, which, in turn, regulate the expression of genes involved in osmotic stress acclimation. In addition to intracellular signaling mechanisms, the systemic response to osmotic stress in euryhaline fish is coordinated via hormone- and paracrine factor-mediated extracellular signaling. Overall, current insight into osmosensing and osmotic stress-induced signal transduction in fishes is limited. However, euryhaline fish species represent excellent models for answering critical emerging questions in this field and for elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of osmosensory signal transduction.

摘要

在其水生栖息地中,鱼类会面临各种渗透条件,并且它们对盐度变化的适应性反应能力也有所不同。栖息于盐度显著波动环境(潮间带、河口、盐湖等)的鱼类是广盐性的,能够适应渗透胁迫。鱼类对盐度胁迫的适应性和驯化反应基于有效的渗透压感应和渗透胁迫信号传导机制。多种渗透压感受器,包括钙敏感受体,可能协同作用,将关于渗透压变化的信息传递给下游信号传导和效应机制。鱼类中的渗透压感应信号转导网络很复杂,包括钙、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、14-3-3和大分子损伤激活信号通路。该网络除其他靶点外,还控制渗透压敏感转录因子,如张力反应元件结合蛋白和渗透胁迫转录因子1,这些转录因子进而调节参与渗透胁迫驯化的基因的表达。除了细胞内信号传导机制外,广盐性鱼类对渗透胁迫的全身反应还通过激素和旁分泌因子介导的细胞外信号传导进行协调。总体而言,目前对鱼类渗透压感应和渗透胁迫诱导的信号转导的了解有限。然而,广盐性鱼类物种是回答该领域关键新出现问题以及阐明渗透压感应信号转导潜在分子机制的优秀模型。

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