Non-invasive Laplacian electrocardiography and moment of activation mapping.

Laplacian Electrocardiogram (LECG) is a non-invasive approach providing high spatiotemporal distributed information of cardiac electrical activity. Recently researchers have recorded surface potentials from monopolar disc electrodes to estimate the Laplacian using finite difference algorithms or spline surface Laplacian estimators. Bipolar and quasi-bipolar electrodes have also been used to record LECG directly. Here based on the "Nine Point Method" (NPM), Laplacian tripolar concentric ring electrode active sensors were designed. High spatiotemporal resolution body surface LECG using the new tripolar active sensors was recorded. Moment of activation (MOA) isochronal maps used to detect cardiac electrical activation patterns exhibited on the body surface was also generated.