中国江西金矿工人中速发型矽肺病的高患病率。
High prevalence of accelerated silicosis among gold miners in Jiangxi, China.
作者信息
Tse Lap Ah, Li Zhi Min, Wong Tze Wai, Fu Zhen Ming, Yu Ignatius Tak Sun
机构信息
Department of Community & Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
出版信息
Am J Ind Med. 2007 Dec;50(12):876-80. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20510.
BACKGROUND
Accelerated silicosis has become uncommon in developed countries, whereas serious health threat still exists in small-scale mining in developing countries. This study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of accelerated silicosis among Chinese gold miners.
METHODS
A cross-sectional medical examination was conducted among 574 Chinese gold miners. All participants were male rock-drillers. The concentrations of total dust and quartz content were obtained from the government documentations. Descriptive data analyses were performed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of accelerated silicosis was 29.1% (95% CI: 24.8-33.4%, 167 cases) after an average of 5.6 years of dust exposure, and a history of tuberculosis seemed to increase the risk. The concentration of respirable silica dust was estimated to be 89.5 mg/m(3) (ranged: 70.2-108.8) in the underground goldmine, far exceeding the permissible exposure limits.
CONCLUSIONS
This study illustrates a serious health threat to small-scale goldmine in China and indicates an urgent need for environmental control and disease prevention.
背景
在发达国家，速发型矽肺已不常见，而在发展中国家的小规模采矿业中，严重的健康威胁依然存在。本研究旨在调查中国金矿工人中速发型矽肺的患病率及危险因素。
方法
对574名中国金矿工人进行了横断面医学检查。所有参与者均为男性凿岩工。总粉尘浓度和石英含量数据来自政府文件。进行了描述性数据分析。
结果
平均接触粉尘5.6年后，速发型矽肺的患病率为29.1%（95%可信区间：24.8 - 33.4%，167例），有结核病史似乎会增加患病风险。地下金矿中可吸入二氧化硅粉尘浓度估计为89.5毫克/立方米（范围：70.2 - 108.8），远远超过了允许接触限值。
结论
本研究表明中国小规模金矿存在严重的健康威胁，提示迫切需要进行环境控制和疾病预防。
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