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工艺参数对液体火焰喷雾法制备的二氧化钛纳米颗粒的影响。

The effect of process parameters on the Liquid Flame Spray generated titania nanoparticles.

作者信息

Aromaa Mikko, Keskinen Helmi, Mäkelä Jyrki M

机构信息

Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.

出版信息

Biomol Eng. 2007 Nov;24(5):543-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2007.08.004. Epub 2007 Aug 7.

Abstract

Nanoparticles have become important in many applications. It is essential to be able to control the particle size because the properties of nanoparticles change dramatically with particle size. An efficient way to generate nanoparticles is via aerosol processes. In this study we used Liquid Flame Spray consisting of liquid precursor droplets sprayed into a high-speed hydrogen/oxygen flame where they evaporate, vapours react and nucleate to form titania nanoparticles. Using flame methods, also dopants and sensitizers can easily be introduced in order to, e.g. improve the photocatalytic activity of the nanomaterial. To obtain a practical guideline in order to tailor the final nanoparticle size in the process, we have systematically studied the effects of different process parameters on the particle size of titania. Titania is used, e.g. as a photocatalyst, and then both particle size and crystal structure are important when looking at the efficiency. In this work, the generated nanoparticle size has been measured by aerosol instrumentation and the particle morphology has been verified with transmission electron microscopy. In Liquid Flame Spray method, there are several adjustable parameters such as precursor feed rate into the flame; concentration of the precursor; precursor material itself as well as solvent used in the precursor; mass flow of combustion gases and also the mechanical design of the torch used. We used metal organic based titanium precursors in alcohol solvents, predominantly ethanol and 2-propanol. Large differences in particle production between the precursors were found. Differences could also be seen for various solvents. As for precursor feed in the flame, the more mass is introduced the larger the nanoparticles are, i.e. precursor concentration and precursor feed rate have an impact on particle size. A similar phenomenon can be discovered for the combustion gas flow rates. Torch design also plays an important role in controlling the particle size.

摘要

纳米颗粒在许多应用中变得越来越重要。能够控制颗粒大小至关重要,因为纳米颗粒的性质会随着颗粒大小而发生显著变化。一种产生纳米颗粒的有效方法是通过气溶胶过程。在本研究中,我们使用了液体火焰喷雾法,即将液体前驱体液滴喷入高速氢/氧火焰中,液滴在其中蒸发,蒸汽发生反应并成核形成二氧化钛纳米颗粒。使用火焰法,还可以轻松引入掺杂剂和敏化剂,例如提高纳米材料的光催化活性。为了在该过程中获得定制最终纳米颗粒大小的实用指导方针,我们系统地研究了不同工艺参数对二氧化钛颗粒大小的影响。例如,二氧化钛用作光催化剂,那么在考察效率时颗粒大小和晶体结构都很重要。在这项工作中,通过气溶胶仪器测量了生成的纳米颗粒大小,并通过透射电子显微镜验证了颗粒形态。在液体火焰喷雾法中,有几个可调节参数,如进入火焰的前驱体进料速率;前驱体的浓度;前驱体材料本身以及前驱体中使用的溶剂;燃烧气体的质量流量以及所用炬管的机械设计。我们使用了基于金属有机的钛前驱体,溶剂为醇类,主要是乙醇和2-丙醇。发现前驱体之间在颗粒生成方面存在很大差异。不同溶剂之间也存在差异。至于火焰中的前驱体进料,引入的质量越多,纳米颗粒越大,即前驱体浓度和前驱体进料速率对颗粒大小有影响。燃烧气体流速也有类似现象。炬管设计在控制颗粒大小方面也起着重要作用。

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