Koshi R, Sugano N, Orii H, Fukuda T, Ito K
Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
J Periodontal Res. 2007 Dec;42(6):518-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.00976.x.
Cigarette smoking has been suggested as a risk factor for periodontitis. Thousands of components are present in cigarette smoke, including nicotine, which may play an important role in the observed effects of smoking on cell metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. Using DNA microarrays, we monitored differentially expressed genes, responsive to nicotine, in a macrophage-like human cell line.
Human U937 cells were treated for 1 h, with or without 1.0 microg/ml of nicotine. For differentiation, cultures were incubated with 10 nm phorbol myristate acetate for 48 h. Analysis of gene expression was performed using a DNA microarray of 8500 genes.
The expression of 4914 genes was detected. Screening was carried out on those genes whose expression in three separate experiments showed an average change of twofold or greater, and 118 up-regulated genes and 97 down-regulated genes were identified. Among these were genes related to inflammation and other immune responses, such as phospholipase A2 and interferon. Consistent with the array findings, we found similar changes in mRNA expression after analysis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction.
The results suggest that nicotine causes excess inflammation and disturbs host defense mechanisms against pathogens.
吸烟已被认为是牙周炎的一个风险因素。香烟烟雾中存在数千种成分，包括尼古丁，其可能在吸烟对细胞代谢的观察效应中起重要作用。然而，这些效应背后的机制尚不清楚。我们使用DNA微阵列监测了在一种巨噬细胞样人细胞系中对尼古丁有反应的差异表达基因。
人U937细胞在有或无1.0微克/毫升尼古丁的情况下处理1小时。为诱导分化，培养物用10纳米佛波酯肉豆蔻酸酯孵育48小时。使用包含8500个基因的DNA微阵列进行基因表达分析。
检测到4914个基因的表达。对那些在三个独立实验中表达平均变化两倍或更大的基因进行筛选，鉴定出118个上调基因和97个下调基因。其中包括与炎症和其他免疫反应相关的基因，如磷脂酶A2和干扰素。与微阵列结果一致，我们在使用实时聚合酶链反应分析后发现mRNA表达有类似变化。
结果表明尼古丁会导致过度炎症并扰乱宿主对病原体的防御机制。
