Prostate cancer has become the most common malignancy in males worldwide. Standard therapy in local confined prostate cancer with curative intent is a radical ablation of the gland. Brachytherapy seems to be an alternative treatment but long-term results are not yet available. In cases of advanced disease androgen deprivation is applied to eliminate testosterone which is the natural stimulator of tumor growth. The application of chemotherapy is limited to androgen-independent disease without curative intention. Standard chemotherapy is Docetaxel. Both early detection and aftercare are based on measurement of prostate-specific antigen.