Más Lago Pedro, Díaz Janepsy, Díaz Gonzalez Manuel, Goyenechea Hernández Angel, Barrio Olivera Julio, Fonseca Quintana Magile, Morier Díaz Luis, Sarmiento Pérez Luis, Palomera Puente Rosa
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2005 May-Aug;57(2):111-9.
Samples of feces and sera obtained from 3-year-old children were studied to increase the knowledge about the circulations of virus vaccines during the massive campaigns. The use of the oral polio vaccine with schemes of massive campaigns allows the circulation of the virus vaccine 2 months after their completion. The use of continual vaccination schemes makes possible the circulation of the virus vaccine for longer periods of time. Even in populations with a low immunity coverage, epidemic outbreaks of the vaccine-derived virus may appear. The total of poliovirus vaccine isolated in 2-year-old children (11 cases, 11.0 %) and the boosts of neutralizing antibodies (51 cases, 51.0 %), show a contradiction between the verification of the infections caused by isolations of the viruses and the results of boosts. The low percentage of isolations of virus vaccine and the highly significant percentages of of seroconversions or boosts to polio virus, allow to infer the occurrence of silent circulation. The silent circulation self limited to 2 months after concluding the campaign is due, among other causes, to the homologous or not induced response by the primary infection with the first dose of oral polio vaccine and by the secondary infections. The self limitation of the circulation of the polio viruses in massive campaigns constitutes an excellent prevention of the risks represented by the vaccine-derived viruses appearing in vaccinations with continual schemes.
对3岁儿童的粪便和血清样本进行了研究,以增进对大规模疫苗接种活动期间病毒疫苗传播情况的了解。口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗在大规模疫苗接种活动中的使用,使得病毒疫苗在活动结束后2个月仍可传播。持续接种方案的使用使病毒疫苗能够在更长时间内传播。即使在免疫覆盖率较低的人群中,也可能出现疫苗衍生病毒的疫情暴发。在2岁儿童中分离出的脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗总数(11例,11.0%)以及中和抗体的增强(51例,51.0%),显示出病毒分离所验证的感染情况与增强结果之间存在矛盾。病毒疫苗分离的低百分比以及脊髓灰质炎病毒血清转化或增强的高显著百分比,使人推断出存在隐性传播。大规模疫苗接种活动结束后,隐性传播自我限制在2个月,这在其他原因中,是由于首剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的初次感染以及二次感染所引发的同源或非同源反应所致。大规模疫苗接种活动中脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的自我限制,为持续接种方案疫苗接种中出现的疫苗衍生病毒所带来的风险提供了极佳的预防。