Burstyn Igor, Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan, Kim Hyang-Mi, Cherry Nicola M, Pietroniro Elise, Waldner Cheryl
Department of Public Health Services, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2007 Oct;57(10):1241-50. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1241.
A survey of monthly average concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at rural locations in western Canada (provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan) was conducted in 2001-2002, as part of an epidemiological study of the effects of oil and gas industry emissions on the health of cattle. Repeated measurements were obtained at some months and locations. We aimed to develop statistical models of the effect of oil and gas infrastructure on air concentrations. The regulatory authorities supplied the information on location of the different oil and gas facilities during the study period and, for Alberta, provided data on H2S content of wells and flaring volumes. Linear mixed effects models were used to relate observed concentrations to proximity and type of oil and gas infrastructure. Low concentrations were recorded; the monthly geometric mean was 0.1-0.2 ppb for H2S, and 0.3-1.3 ppb for SO2. Substantial variability between repeated measurements was observed. The precision of the measurement method was 0.005 ppb for both contaminants. There were seasonal trends in the concentrations, but the spatial variability was greater. This was explained, in part, by proximity to oil/gas/bitumen wells and (for SO2) gas plants. Wells within 2 km of monitoring stations had the greatest impact on measured concentrations. For H2S, 8% of between-location variability was explained by proximity to industrial sources of emissions; for SO2 this proportion was 18%. In Alberta, proximity to sour gas wells and flares was associated with elevated H2S concentrations; however, the estimate of the effect of sour gas wells in the immediate vicinity of monitoring stations was unstable. Our study was unable to control for all possible sources of the contaminants. However, the results suggest that oil and gas extraction activities contribute to air pollution in rural areas of western Canada.
作为一项关于石油和天然气行业排放对牛健康影响的流行病学研究的一部分，2001年至2002年对加拿大西部农村地区（艾伯塔省、不列颠哥伦比亚省和萨斯喀彻温省）的二氧化硫（SO₂）和硫化氢（H₂S）月平均浓度进行了调查。在某些月份和地点进行了重复测量。我们旨在建立石油和天然气基础设施对空气浓度影响的统计模型。监管机构提供了研究期间不同石油和天然气设施的位置信息，并且对于艾伯塔省，提供了油井的H₂S含量和火炬燃烧量的数据。使用线性混合效应模型将观测浓度与石油和天然气基础设施的距离及类型联系起来。记录到的浓度较低；H₂S的月几何平均值为0.1 - 0.2 ppb，SO₂为0.3 - 1.3 ppb。观察到重复测量之间存在很大差异。两种污染物测量方法的精度均为0.005 ppb。浓度存在季节性趋势，但空间变异性更大。部分原因是靠近石油/天然气/沥青油井以及（对于SO₂）天然气厂。监测站2公里范围内的油井对测量浓度影响最大。对于H₂S，位置间变异性的8%可由靠近排放工业源来解释；对于SO₂，这一比例为18%。在艾伯塔省，靠近含硫气井和火炬与H₂S浓度升高有关；然而，监测站附近含硫气井影响的估计并不稳定。我们的研究无法控制污染物的所有可能来源。然而，结果表明石油和天然气开采活动导致了加拿大西部农村地区的空气污染。
