Embleton Nicholas D, Yates Rowena
Newcastle Neonatal Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008 Feb;13(1):35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.09.003. Epub 2007 Oct 31.
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the commonest causes of death and significant morbidity in preterm infants after the first few postnatal days. NEC affects approximately 5-10% of infants born at <or=28 weeks; about a third will die. Although there do not appear to be any 'simple fixes', it is clear that there are many clinical strategies that affect NEC. There is controlled trial evidence for breast milk, fluid regimes, enteral antibiotics, immunonutrients and probiotic supplements. This paper will review the evidence relevant to current populations of preterm infants and determine which, if any, can be safely and effectively introduced into current clinical practice.
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）仍然是出生后最初几天过后早产儿死亡和严重发病的最常见原因之一。NEC影响约5 - 10%出生时孕周≤28周的婴儿；约三分之一会死亡。虽然似乎没有任何“简单的解决办法”，但很明显有许多临床策略会影响NEC。对于母乳、液体管理方案、肠内抗生素、免疫营养物质和益生菌补充剂，有对照试验证据。本文将回顾与当前早产儿群体相关的证据，并确定哪些（如果有的话）可以安全有效地引入当前临床实践。
