Kilpatrick A Marm, Kramer Laura D, Jones Matthew J, Marra Peter P, Daszak Peter, Fonseca Dina M
Consortium for Conservation Medicine, New York, New York 10001, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Oct;77(4):667-71.
The feeding behavior of vectors influences the likelihood of pathogen invasion and the exposure of humans to vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. We used multilocus microsatellite genetic typing of an introduced mosquito vector and DNA sequencing of mosquito blood meals to determine the impact of hybrid ancestry on feeding behavior and the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV). The probability of ancestry of Culex pipiens mosquitoes from two bionomically divergent forms, form molestus and form pipiens, influenced the probability that they fed on humans but did not explain a late summer feeding shift from birds to humans. We used a simple model to show that the occurrence of pure form molestus mosquitoes would have decreased the likelihood of WNV invasion (R(0) in bird populations) 3- to 8-fold, whereas the occurrence of pure forms pipiens mosquitoes would have halved human exposure compared with the hybrids that are present. Data and modeling suggest that feeding preferences may be influenced by genetic ancestry and contribute to the emergence of vector-borne pathogens transmitted by introduced species, including malaria, and dengue, Chikungunya, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses.
病媒的摄食行为会影响病原体入侵的可能性以及人类接触病媒传播的人畜共患病原体的风险。我们采用多位点微卫星基因分型技术对一种引入的蚊虫病媒进行分析，并对蚊虫血餐进行DNA测序，以确定杂交血统对摄食行为及西尼罗河病毒（WNV）出现的影响。致倦库蚊源自两种生态习性不同的类型，即骚扰型和尖音库蚊指名亚种，其血统概率影响了它们叮咬人类的概率，但无法解释夏末时蚊虫摄食对象从鸟类向人类的转变。我们使用一个简单模型表明，纯骚扰型蚊虫的出现会使WNV入侵（鸟类群体中的R(0)）的可能性降低3至8倍，而纯尖音库蚊指名亚种蚊虫的出现相比现存的杂交种会使人类接触风险减半。数据和模型表明，摄食偏好可能受基因血统影响，并促成包括疟疾、登革热、基孔肯雅热、黄热病和西尼罗河病毒在内的外来物种传播的病媒传播病原体的出现。
