Lee Insook, Baek Kyunghwa, Kim Hyunhee, Kim Sunghyun, Kim Jaisoo, Kwon Youngseok, Chang Yoontoung, Bae Bumhan
Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2007 Nov;42(13):2039-45. doi: 10.1080/10934520701629781.
We investigated the germination, growth rates and uptake of contaminants of four plant species, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Indian mallow (Abutilon avicennae) and Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica), grown in soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). These contaminants are typically found at shooting ranges. Experiments were carried out over 180 days using both single plant cultures and cultures containing an equal mix of the 4 plant species. Germination rates differed among the species in single culture (92% for H. annuus, 84% for E. crusgalli, 48% for A. avicennae and 38% Ae. indica). In the 4-plant mix culture, < 20% of seeds germinated for all 4 species. E. crusgalli and H. annuus grew slightly faster in the four-plant mix culture than in single culture, whereas A. avicennae and Ae. indica grew much slower in the 4-plant mix culture. In both single and 4-plant mix cultures, Cd concentrations in the roots of A. avicennae and E. crusgalliwere high, and Pb concentrations were high in A. avicennae and H. annuus. Cd and Pb concentrations in shoots were low to negligible in both treatment cultures for all species, except E. crusgalli in the 4-plant mix culture. The concentrations of TNT and its metabolites, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT) were high in H. annuus, Ae. indica and A. avicennae. Total Cd removal from soil differed among species, with E. crusgalliremoving the most (50.1%) followed by H. annuus(41.3%), Ae. indica(41.1%) and A. avicennae(33.3%). The four-plant mix removed more Cd (25.8%) than a no-plant control (12.9%). Pb removal was negligible for all plant species. All plant species rapidly removed TNT and its metabolites, regardless of whether the culture was single or mixed. From in these results, we conclude that a phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metals and TNT from contaminated soils should use a single plant species rather than a mixture of several plants.
我们研究了稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli）、向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、苘麻（Abutilon avicennae）和田菁（Aeschynomene indica）这四种植物在受镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）污染的土壤中的发芽情况、生长速率及对污染物的吸收情况。这些污染物在射击场中较为常见。实验持续了180天，采用了单株植物培养以及包含这4种植物等量混合的培养方式。单株培养时，各物种的发芽率有所不同（向日葵为92%，稗草为84%，苘麻为48%，田菁为38%）。在4种植物混合培养中，所有4个物种的种子发芽率均低于20%。在4种植物混合培养中，稗草和向日葵的生长速度比单株培养时略快，而苘麻和田菁在4种植物混合培养中的生长速度则慢得多。在单株培养和4种植物混合培养中，苘麻和稗草根中的镉浓度较高，苘麻和向日葵根中的铅浓度较高。除了4种植物混合培养中的稗草外，两种处理培养中所有物种地上部分的镉和铅浓度都很低或可忽略不计。向日葵、田菁和苘麻中TNT及其代谢产物2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯（2ADNT）和4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯（4ADNT）的浓度较高。不同物种从土壤中去除的总镉量有所差异，稗草去除的最多（50.1%），其次是向日葵（41.3%）、田菁（41.1%）和苘麻（33.3%）。4种植物混合去除的镉（25.8%）比无植物对照（12.9%）更多。所有植物物种对铅的去除量均可忽略不计。所有植物物种都能快速去除TNT及其代谢产物，无论培养方式是单株还是混合。基于这些结果，我们得出结论，从受污染土壤中去除重金属和TNT的植物修复应使用单一植物物种而非多种植物的混合物。
