van Dam R M, Seidell J C
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;61 Suppl 1:S75-99. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602939.
The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly worldwide and the importance of considering the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of obesity is widely acknowledged. This paper reviews data on the effects of dietary carbohydrates on body fatness. Does the composition of the diet as related to carbohydrates affect the likelihood of passive over-consumption and long-term weight change? In addition, methodological limitations of both observational and experimental studies of dietary composition and body weight are discussed. Carbohydrates are among the macronutrients that provide energy and can thus contribute to excess energy intake and subsequent weight gain. There is no clear evidence that altering the proportion of total carbohydrate in the diet is an important determinant of energy intake. However, there is evidence that sugar-sweetened beverages do not induce satiety to the same extent as solid forms of carbohydrate, and that increases in sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption are associated with weight gain. Findings from studies on the effect of the dietary glycemic index on body weight have not been consistent. Dietary fiber is associated with a lesser degree of weight gain in observational studies. Although it is difficult to establish with certainty that fiber rather than other dietary attributes are responsible, whole-grain cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits seem to be the most appropriate sources of dietary carbohydrate.
肥胖症在全球范围内迅速蔓延，人们普遍认识到饮食在肥胖预防和治疗中的作用。本文回顾了有关膳食碳水化合物对身体脂肪影响的数据。与碳水化合物相关的饮食组成是否会影响被动过度消费和长期体重变化的可能性？此外，还讨论了膳食组成与体重的观察性研究和实验性研究的方法局限性。碳水化合物是提供能量的宏量营养素之一，因此可能导致能量摄入过多和随后的体重增加。没有明确证据表明改变饮食中总碳水化合物的比例是能量摄入的重要决定因素。然而，有证据表明，含糖饮料产生饱腹感的程度不如固体碳水化合物，而且含糖软饮料消费量的增加与体重增加有关。关于膳食血糖生成指数对体重影响的研究结果并不一致。在观察性研究中，膳食纤维与体重增加程度较低有关。虽然很难确定是纤维而非其他膳食特性起了作用，但全谷物、蔬菜、豆类和水果似乎是膳食碳水化合物的最合适来源。
