Nizri Eran, Wirguin Itzhak, Brenner Talma
Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetic, Hadassah University Hospital, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Drug News Perspect. 2007 Sep;20(7):421-9. doi: 10.1358/dnp.2007.20.7.1149629.
The maintenance of a balanced cholinergic homeostasis is crucial for the function of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and the neuromuscular junction. However, it appears that the cholinergic system is not restricted to neurons and synapses but may also involve immune reactions. In the present review we reassess the role of the cholinergic balance in myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease which for a long time are known to be associated with cholinergic transmission perturbation. We have included neuroinflammation, particularly multiple sclerosis in this group of neurological disorders in light of the relatively new studies involving the immune cholinergic system. In all the aforementioned disorders, treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can attenuate inflammation. This is performed by increasing the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration near immune cells and making it available for interaction with alpha(7) nicotinic ACh receptor, expressed on these cells. This outcome is additional to the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on neurons and synapses.
维持胆碱能稳态平衡对于中枢神经系统、外周神经系统及神经肌肉接头的功能至关重要。然而，胆碱能系统似乎并不局限于神经元和突触，还可能涉及免疫反应。在本综述中，我们重新评估胆碱能平衡在重症肌无力和阿尔茨海默病中的作用，长期以来已知这两种疾病与胆碱能传递紊乱有关。鉴于涉及免疫胆碱能系统的相对较新的研究，我们将神经炎症，特别是多发性硬化症纳入了这组神经系统疾病中。在上述所有疾病中，使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂进行治疗可减轻炎症。这是通过提高免疫细胞附近的乙酰胆碱（ACh）浓度并使其能够与这些细胞上表达的α（7）烟碱型ACh受体相互作用来实现的。这一结果是乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂对神经元和突触作用之外的额外效果。
