Sindelar J J, Cordray J C, Sebranek J G, Love J A, Ahn D U
Iowa State Univ., Dept. of Animal Science, 194 Meat Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
J Food Sci. 2007 Jun;72(5):S324-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00369.x.
Uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added meat products can be manufactured with vegetable juice powder (VJP) and a starter culture containing Staphylococcus carnosus, resulting in quality and sensory attributes similar to traditional cured products. The 1st objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying concentrations of VJP and incubation times (MIN-HOLD) on quality characteristics, including lipid oxidation, color, and cured meat pigment concentrations, of emulsified-frankfurter-style-cooked (EFSC) sausages over a 90-d storage period. The 2nd objective was to compare residual nitrate and nitrite content resulting from different processing treatments and the 3rd objective was to assess sensory properties of finished products. Four EFSC sausage treatments (TRT) (TRT 1: 0.20% VJP, 30 MIN-HOLD; TRT 2: 0.20% VJP, 120 MIN-HOLD; TRT 3: 0.40% VJP, 30 MIN-HOLD; TRT 4: 0.40% VJP, 120 MIN-HOLD) and a sodium nitrite-added control (C) were used for this study. No differences for lipid oxidation (TBARS) between any TRTs and C or over time were observed. No differences (P > 0.05) for CIE L* values were found between TRTs. CIE a* and reflectance ratio values revealed that TRTs 2, 4, and C were redder than TRTs 1 and 3 at day 0. Trained sensory intensity ratings for cured aroma, cured color, cured flavor, uniform color, and firmness determined that all but TRT 1 were similar to C. These results indicate a longer incubation time (120 compared with 30 min) was found more critical than VJP level (0.20% or 0.40%) to result in products comparable to a sodium nitrite-added control.
未腌制、未添加硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐的肉制品可以用蔬菜汁粉(VJP)和含有肉葡萄球菌的发酵剂来生产,从而产生与传统腌制产品相似的品质和感官特性。本研究的第一个目标是确定不同浓度的VJP和孵育时间(MIN-HOLD)对乳化法兰克福式熟制(EFSC)香肠在90天储存期内的品质特性(包括脂质氧化、颜色和腌制肉色素浓度)的影响。第二个目标是比较不同加工处理产生的残留硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,第三个目标是评估成品的感官特性。本研究使用了四种EFSC香肠处理组(TRT)(TRT 1:0.20% VJP,30分钟孵育时间;TRT 2:0.20% VJP,120分钟孵育时间;TRT 3:0.40% VJP,30分钟孵育时间;TRT 4:0.40% VJP,120分钟孵育时间)和一个添加亚硝酸钠的对照组(C)。未观察到任何TRT组与对照组之间或随时间变化的脂质氧化(硫代巴比妥酸反应物,TBARS)存在差异。各TRT组之间的CIE L值没有差异(P>0.05)。CIE a值和反射率比值显示,在第0天,TRT 2、4和C组比TRT 1和3组更红。对腌制香气、腌制颜色、腌制风味、颜色均匀度和硬度的感官强度评分表明,除TRT 1外,所有组均与对照组相似。这些结果表明,孵育时间更长(120分钟与30分钟相比)比VJP水平(0.20%或0.40%)对生产出与添加亚硝酸钠的对照组相当的产品更为关键。