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不同水平的蔬菜汁粉和孵育时间对即食无腌火腿的颜色、残留硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐、色素、pH值以及经训练的感官特性的影响。

Effects of varying levels of vegetable juice powder and incubation time on color, residual nitrate and nitrite, pigment, pH, and trained sensory attributes of ready-to-eat uncured ham.

作者信息

Sindelar J J, Cordray J C, Sebranek J G, Love J A, Ahn D U

机构信息

Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, 194 Meat Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

出版信息

J Food Sci. 2007 Aug;72(6):S388-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00404.x.

Abstract

Vegetable juice powder (VJP) and a starter culture containing Staphylococcus carnosus have been identified as necessary ingredients for the manufacture of uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added meat products with quality and sensory attributes similar to traditional cured products. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of varying concentrations of VJP and incubation time (MIN-HOLD) on quality characteristics, including lipid oxidation, color, and cured meat pigment concentrations, of ham over a 90-d storage period, compare residual nitrate and nitrite content, and determine if differences exist in sensory properties of finished products. Four ham treatments (TRT) (TRT 1: 0.20% VJP, 0 MIN-HOLD; TRT 2: 0.20% VJP, 120 MIN-HOLD; TRT 3: 0.35% VJP, 0 MIN-HOLD; TRT 4: 0.35% VJP, 120 MIN-HOLD) and a sodium nitrite-added control (C) were used for this study. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between TRTs and C for CIE L*, a*, b*, and cured color measured by reflectance ratio. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) for combined TRTs and C revealed little change over time while the C had less (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation than TRTs 2 and 4 for combined days. No differences (P > 0.05) were reported for cured pigment concentration between TRTs and C. Trained sensory panel intensity ratings for ham and vegetable aroma, and flavor, color, and firmness showed that a high concentration (0.35%) of VJP resulted in the highest scores for undesirable vegetable aroma and flavor. Treatment combinations with a low concentration (0.20%) of VJP were comparable to the C for all sensory attributes.

摘要

蔬菜汁粉(VJP)和含有肉葡萄球菌的发酵剂已被确定为生产未腌制、不添加硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐且具有与传统腌制产品相似质量和感官特性的肉类产品的必要成分。本研究的目的是确定在90天的储存期内,不同浓度的VJP和孵育时间(MIN-HOLD)对火腿品质特性(包括脂质氧化、颜色和腌制肉色素浓度)的影响,比较残留硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,并确定成品的感官特性是否存在差异。本研究使用了四种火腿处理组(TRT)(TRT 1:0.20% VJP,0分钟孵育时间;TRT 2:0.20% VJP,120分钟孵育时间;TRT 3:0.35% VJP,0分钟孵育时间;TRT 4:0.35% VJP,120分钟孵育时间)和一个添加亚硝酸钠的对照组(C)。通过反射率测量的CIE L*、a*、b*和腌制颜色在TRT组和对照组之间未观察到差异(P>0.05)。TRT组和对照组组合的脂质氧化(硫代巴比妥酸反应物,TBARS)随时间变化不大,而对照组在合并天数中脂质氧化低于TRT 2和4组(P<0.05)。TRT组和对照组之间的腌制色素浓度没有差异(P>0.05)。经过训练的感官评价小组对火腿以及蔬菜香气、风味、颜色和硬度的强度评分表明,高浓度(0.35%)的VJP导致不良蔬菜香气和风味的得分最高。低浓度(0.20%)VJP的处理组合在所有感官属性上与对照组相当。

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