社会和物质匮乏与烟草、酒精及精神药物使用的关联以及性别差异：一项基于人群的研究
Associations of social and material deprivation with tobacco, alcohol, and psychotropic drug use, and gender: a population-based study.
作者信息
Baumann Michèle, Spitz Elisabeth, Guillemin Francis, Ravaud Jean-François, Choquet Marie, Falissard Bruno, Chau Nearkasen
机构信息
Ntegrative research unit on Social and Individual DEvelopment (INSIDE), University of Luxembourg, Faculty LSHASE, Luxembourg.
出版信息
Int J Health Geogr. 2007 Nov 9;6:50. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-6-50.
BACKGROUND
The aim was to assess the relationships between social and material deprivation and the use of tobacco, excessive alcohol and psychotropic drugs by both sexes and in various age groups. Greater knowledge concerning these issues may help public health policy-makers design more effective means of preventing substance abuse.
METHODS
The sample comprised 6,216 people aged > or 15 years randomly selected from the population in north-eastern France. Subjects completed a post-mailed questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, occupation, employment, income, smoking habit, alcohol abuse and "psychotropic" drug intake (for headache, tiredness, nervousness, anxiety, insomnia). A deprivation score (D) was defined by the cumulative number of: low educational level, manual worker, unemployed, living alone, nationality other than western European, low income, and non-home-ownership. Data were analysed using adjusted odds ratios (ORa) computed with logistic models.
RESULTS
Deprivation was common: 37.4% of respondents fell into category D = 1, 21.2% into D = 2, and 10.0% into D > or 3a re men than women reported tobacco use (30.2% vs. 21.9%) and alcohol abuse (12.5% vs. 3.3%), whereas psychotropic drug use was more common among women (23.8% vs. 41.0%). Increasing levels of deprivation were associated with a greater likelihood of tobacco use (ORa vs. D = 0: 1.16 in D = 1, 1.49 in D = 2, and 1.93 in D > or = 3), alcohol abuse (1.19 in D = 1, 1.32 in D = 2, and 1.80 in D > or = 3) and frequent psychotropic drug intake (1.26 in D = 1, 1.51 in D = 2, and 1.91 in D > or = 3). These patterns were observed in working/other non-retired men and women (except for alcohol abuse in women). Among retired people, deprivation was associated with tobacco and psychotropic drug use only in men.
CONCLUSION
Preventive measures should be designed to improve work conditions, reduce deprivation, and help deprived populations to be more aware of risk and to find remedial measures.
背景
目的是评估社会和物质匮乏与不同性别及各年龄组人群烟草、过量饮酒和精神药物使用之间的关系。对这些问题有更多了解可能有助于公共卫生政策制定者设计出更有效的预防药物滥用的方法。
方法
样本包括从法国东北部人群中随机选取的6216名年龄在15岁及以上的人。受试者填写了一份邮寄问卷，内容涵盖社会人口统计学特征、职业、就业、收入、吸烟习惯、酗酒情况以及“精神”药物摄入情况（用于治疗头痛、疲劳、紧张、焦虑、失眠）。匮乏得分（D）由以下因素的累计数量定义：低教育水平、体力劳动者、失业、独居、非西欧国籍、低收入以及无自有住房。使用逻辑模型计算的调整优势比（ORa）对数据进行分析。
结果
匮乏情况普遍存在：37.4%的受访者属于D = 1类别，21.2%属于D = 2类别，10.0%属于D≥3类别。报告使用烟草的男性多于女性（30.2%对21.9%），酗酒的男性也多于女性（12.5%对3.3%），而精神药物的使用在女性中更为常见（23.8%对41.0%）。匮乏程度的增加与使用烟草（与D = 0相比，D = 1时ORa为1.16，D = 2时为1.49，D≥3时为1.93）、酗酒（D = 1时为1.19，D = 2时为1.32，D≥3时为1.80）以及频繁摄入精神药物（D = 1时为1.26，D = 2时为1.51，D≥3时为1.91）的可能性增大相关。在在职/其他未退休的男性和女性中观察到了这些模式（女性酗酒情况除外）。在退休人员中，匮乏仅与男性的烟草和精神药物使用相关。
结论
应制定预防措施以改善工作条件、减少匮乏，并帮助贫困人群提高风险意识并找到补救措施。
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