Legleye S, Baumann M, Peretti-Watel P, Beck F, Chau N
Institut national des études démographiques (Ined), Paris, France.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2011 Aug;59(4):223-32. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2011.02.103. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
This study assessed the associations of short-term employment, physical and psychological occupational demands, and job dissatisfaction with alcohol abuse (using the Audit-C test) and daily smoking among working French men and women in different age groups.
The sample included 13,241 working people, 18-29, 30-39, and 40-59-years-old, randomly selected in France and interviewed by phone. Occupation, type of employment, physical demands, psychological demands, job dissatisfaction, gender, age, educational level, and income were considered. Data were analyzed with logistic models.
Alcohol abuse affected 20.4% of men and 7.5% of women; smoking 32.1% and 24.2%, respectively. Their patterns of association with the occupational factors varied with gender and age. Job dissatisfaction was the leading factor among young men (adjusted odds ratio for alcohol abuse and smoking: 1.71 and 2.02), whereas short-term employment was the leading factor among young women (1.69 and 1.58), this pattern being reversed in older generations. The pattern of associations of physical and psychological demands with outcomes is more complex, but overall psychological demands were more important for women (especially the younger ones) than men, especially for smoking (OR>1.6). Smoking within 5 min after waking was much more common among male and female smokers with these occupational factors, suggesting a potential dependency.
Workers with short-term employment and occupational demands are subject to a higher risk for alcohol abuse and smoking with high gender and age disparities. Gender and age should be considered when designing measures to prevent substance abuse related to occupation.
本研究评估了不同年龄组的在职法国男性和女性中，短期就业、身体和心理方面的职业需求以及工作不满与酗酒（使用酒精使用障碍识别测试简版）和日常吸烟之间的关联。
样本包括在法国随机选取的13241名年龄在18 - 29岁、30 - 39岁和40 - 59岁的在职人员，并通过电话进行访谈。研究考虑了职业、就业类型、身体需求、心理需求、工作不满、性别、年龄、教育水平和收入。数据采用逻辑模型进行分析。
酗酒影响了20.4%的男性和7.5%的女性；吸烟率分别为32.1%和24.2%。它们与职业因素的关联模式因性别和年龄而异。工作不满是年轻男性中的主要因素（酗酒和吸烟的调整优势比分别为1.71和2.02），而短期就业是年轻女性中的主要因素（分别为1.69和1.58），这种模式在年长一代中则相反。身体和心理需求与结果之间的关联模式更为复杂，但总体而言，心理需求对女性（尤其是年轻女性）比男性更为重要，尤其是在吸烟方面（优势比>1.6）。在有这些职业因素的男性和女性吸烟者中，醒来后5分钟内吸烟更为常见，这表明可能存在依赖性。
短期就业和有职业需求的工人酗酒和吸烟风险较高，且存在较大的性别和年龄差异。在设计预防与职业相关的药物滥用措施时应考虑性别和年龄因素。
