Wimmer M S, Blaine G J, Jost R G, Moore S M, Studt J W
Electronic Radiology Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO.
J Med Syst. 1991 Aug;15(4):299-309. doi: 10.1007/BF00999167.
Picture archive and communications (PACS) systems should be flexible and modular in design so that new advances in storage, computation, and display technology can be introduced into the system without a significant redesign of existing software. The acquisition, storage, and management of radiologic images must be carefully integrated with a radiology information system. Our architecture is based on a four-level data model: (1) patient information, (2) examination information and reports, (3) image information, and (4) instances of images. The PACS being developed at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology within the Electronic Radiology Laboratory consists of three primary components: application clients, database servers and image servers. One type of application client is an image-capable workstation that supports a radiology image viewing application. The application client queries the database server for information regarding patient and examination data in response to user-level requests. The database server responds to the request by retrieving the appropriate patient demographics and examination information, along with a pointer to the image/instance data from a central database. The client then uses the image data pointer to query the image server for the actual pixel data. The image server responds by transmitting the pixel data to the requesting application client or a designated auxiliary display device. Other clients act as image data acquisition nodes. Queries to the database servers are made via a library of callable subroutines. Software integrity is maintained throughout the system by dynamically loading software from a code-control database. Inquiry and display transactions, supported on a local-area network (Ethernet), have been measured and analyzed. Results and observations are presented.
图像存档与通信系统（PACS）在设计上应具有灵活性和模块化，以便在不大量重新设计现有软件的情况下，将存储、计算和显示技术的新进展引入系统。放射影像的采集、存储和管理必须与放射学信息系统仔细整合。我们的架构基于四级数据模型：（1）患者信息，（2）检查信息及报告，（3）图像信息，以及（4）图像实例。马林克罗特放射学研究所电子放射学实验室正在开发的PACS由三个主要组件组成：应用客户端、数据库服务器和图像服务器。一种应用客户端是支持放射学图像查看应用的具备图像功能的工作站。应用客户端响应用户级请求，向数据库服务器查询有关患者和检查数据的信息。数据库服务器通过从中央数据库检索适当的患者人口统计学信息和检查信息以及指向图像/实例数据的指针来响应请求。然后客户端使用图像数据指针向图像服务器查询实际像素数据。图像服务器通过将像素数据传输到发出请求的应用客户端或指定的辅助显示设备来做出响应。其他客户端充当图像数据采集节点。通过可调用子程序库向数据库服务器进行查询。通过从代码控制数据库动态加载软件，在整个系统中维护软件完整性。对局域网（以太网）上支持的查询和显示事务进行了测量和分析。给出了结果和观察情况。
