Domont G B, Perales J, Moussatché H
Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, UFRJ, Brazil.
Toxicon. 1991;29(10):1183-94. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90191-s.
The resistance of several animals to snake venom has been reviewed. Some general concepts are introduced to allow the comparative evaluation of the resistance of different animals studied by different investigators. The purification and properties of several factors isolated from the serum of different animals by some researchers are described: Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Omori-Satoh et al., 1972); Vipera palaestinae (Ovadia et al., 1975, 1977); Sigmodon hispidus (Pichyangkul and Perez, 1981); Didelphis virginiana and Didelphis marsupialis (Menchaga and Perez, 1981; Moussatché et al., 1979, 1980, 1981; Perales et al., 1986, 1989a,b); Neotoma micropus (Garcia and Perez, 1984); Erinaceus europaeus (de Witt and Weströmm, 1987); Herpestes edwardsii (Tomihara et al., 1987); Dinodon semicarinatus (Tomihara et al., 1988); and Philander opossum (Domont et al., 1989). The protective antihemorrhagic and antineurotoxic factors have some common characteristics: they are acid proteins with isoelectric points ranging between 4.0 and 5.4; their molecular masses vary from 52 to 90 kDa, with one exception of 780 kDa; none has proteolytic activity; their pH and thermostabilities are high and they seem to be glycoproteins. No precipitation lines are formed between the neutralizing proteins and the venoms upon immunodiffusion, indicating that the serum protective factors are not immunoglobulins. The possible mode of action of the antineurotoxic factor isolated from Vipera palaestinae by Ovadia et al. (1977) is shortly discussed as well as the possibility that the antihemorrhagic factors may act by a similar mechanism.
本文综述了几种动物对蛇毒的抗性。文中引入了一些通用概念，以便对不同研究者所研究的不同动物的抗性进行比较评估。文中描述了一些研究人员从不同动物血清中分离出的几种因子的纯化及特性：竹叶青（大森里人等，1972年）；巴勒斯坦蝰蛇（奥瓦迪亚等，1975年、1977年）；刚毛棉鼠（皮扬库尔和佩雷斯，1981年）；弗吉尼亚负鼠和草原负鼠（门查加和佩雷斯，1981年；穆萨切等，1979年、1980年、1981年；佩拉莱斯等，1986年、1989年a、b）；微小林鼠（加西亚和佩雷斯，1984年）；刺猬（德维特和韦斯特勒姆，1987年）；艾氏鼬獾（富原等，1987年）；颈棱蛇（富原等，1988年）；南美负鼠（多蒙特等，1989年）。保护性抗出血和抗神经毒性因子有一些共同特征：它们是酸性蛋白，等电点在4.0至5.4之间；其分子量在52至90 kDa之间，有一个例外为780 kDa；均无蛋白水解活性；它们的pH稳定性和热稳定性较高，似乎是糖蛋白。在免疫扩散时，中和蛋白与毒液之间未形成沉淀线，表明血清保护因子不是免疫球蛋白。奥瓦迪亚等人（1977年）从巴勒斯坦蝰蛇中分离出的抗神经毒性因子的可能作用方式以及抗出血因子可能通过类似机制发挥作用的可能性也进行了简要讨论。
