Hartsfield S M, Jacobson J D
Department of Veterinary Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4474.
Probl Vet Med. 1991 Jun;3(2):123-41.
Anesthesia in patients for surgery of the head and neck should begin with evaluation of the animal's medical history, laboratory data, and physical examination. This information plus knowledge of the physiologic changes induced by abnormalities and surgery of the head and neck provide the basis for selection of anesthetic regimens and techniques. The regimen should include drugs that produce minimal impact on organ systems, especially those systems lacking physiologic reserve because of disease. Establishment of a patent airway, protection of the airway, and control of ventilation should receive primary attention. Monitoring and support of cardiopulmonary function and maintenance of fluid volume and renal function are essential. The patient should be observed until protective reflexes return and recovery is complete. Postoperative pain should be managed with analgesics.
对接受头颈部手术的患者进行麻醉，应从评估动物的病史、实验室数据和体格检查开始。这些信息，再加上对头颈部异常和手术所引起的生理变化的了解，为选择麻醉方案和技术提供了依据。该方案应包括对各器官系统影响最小的药物，尤其是那些因疾病而缺乏生理储备的系统。建立通畅的气道、保护气道和控制通气应作为首要关注点。对心肺功能的监测与支持以及维持液体容量和肾功能至关重要。应观察患者直至保护性反射恢复且恢复完全。术后疼痛应用镇痛药进行处理。
