Morris Lilah F, Ribas Antoni
Department of Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2007 Oct;16(4):819-31, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2007.07.007.
Therapeutic cancer vaccines target the cellular arm of the immune system to initiate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against tumor-associated antigens. Immunotherapy offers one of the few therapeutic options that reproducibly leads to a subset of patients with long-term remissions (seemingly cures) of widely metastatic disease. Therapeutic cancer vaccines tested in clinical trials have included inactivated tumor cells administered in immunological adjuvants or after genetic modification to increase their immunogenicity. Other forms are heat shock protein vaccines and anti-ganglioside antibodies. Tumor-associated antigenic peptides have been fully characterized for some cancers. Finally, strategies to directly expand antitumor T lymphocytes and adoptively transfer them to patients with cancer have been developed and shown to induce objective tumor regressions.
治疗性癌症疫苗靶向免疫系统的细胞分支，以引发针对肿瘤相关抗原的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应。免疫疗法是少数几种可重复性地使一部分广泛转移性疾病患者实现长期缓解（看似治愈）的治疗选择之一。在临床试验中测试的治疗性癌症疫苗包括在免疫佐剂中给予的灭活肿瘤细胞，或经过基因改造以提高其免疫原性后的肿瘤细胞。其他形式包括热休克蛋白疫苗和抗神经节苷脂抗体。一些癌症的肿瘤相关抗原肽已得到充分表征。最后，直接扩增抗肿瘤T淋巴细胞并将其过继转移给癌症患者的策略已经开发出来，并已证明可诱导客观的肿瘤消退。
