Pucciarelli Héctor M, González-José Rolando, Neves Walter A, Sardi Marina L, Rozzi Fernando Ramírez
División Antropología del Museo de La Plata (FCNyM, UNLP), Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
J Hum Evol. 2008 Mar;54(3):296-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.08.011. Epub 2007 Nov 26.
In a recent study we found that crania from South Amerindian populations on each side of the Andes differ significantly in terms of craniofacial shape. Western populations formed one morphological group, distributed continuously over 14,000km from the Fuegian archipelago (southern Chile) to the Zulia region (northwestern Venezuela). Easterners formed another group, distributed from the Atlantic Coast up to the eastern foothills of the Andes. This differentiation is further supported by several genetic studies, and indirectly by ecological and archaeological studies. Some authors suggest that this dual biological pattern is consistent with differential rates of gene flow and genetic drift operating on both sides of the Cordillera due to historical reasons. Here we show that such East-West patterning is also observable in North America. We suggest that the "ecological zones model" proposed by Dixon, explaining the spread of the early Americans along a Pacific dispersal corridor, combined with the evolution of different population dynamics in both regions, is the most parsimonious mechanism to explain the observed patterns of within- and between-group craniofacial variability.
在最近的一项研究中，我们发现安第斯山脉两侧的南美印第安人群体的颅骨在颅面形状方面存在显著差异。西部人群形成了一个形态学群体，从火地群岛（智利南部）到苏利亚地区（委内瑞拉西北部）绵延14000公里。东部人群形成了另一个群体，从大西洋海岸一直分布到安第斯山脉的东麓。这种分化得到了多项遗传学研究的进一步支持，生态和考古学研究也间接提供了支持。一些作者认为，由于历史原因，这种双重生物学模式与科迪勒拉山脉两侧基因流动和遗传漂变的不同速率相一致。在这里，我们表明这种东西部模式在北美也可以观察到。我们认为，狄克逊提出的“生态区模型”，解释了早期美洲人沿着太平洋扩散走廊的扩散，再加上两个地区不同人口动态的演变，是解释观察到的群体内部和群体之间颅面变异性模式的最简约机制。
