Forsmo Siri, Fjeldbo Sigurd Kjørstad, Langhammer Arnulf
Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Feb 15;167(4):406-11. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm320. Epub 2007 Nov 21.
Use of cod liver oil, which is rich in vitamins A and D, is traditionally recommended during the fall and winter months as a protective measure against vitamin D deficiency in several countries. It is not known whether childhood cod liver oil intake is related to variations in bone mineral density (BMD) or fractures in adult life. In 2001, a total of 3,052 Norway women aged 50-70 years had forearm BMD measured in a substudy of the population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Women reporting no childhood cod liver oil intake had statistically significantly higher BMD than those with any ingestion of cod liver oil. The odds ratio for low BMD (>1 standard deviation below age-specific mean) in women reporting cod liver oil intake throughout the year as compared with women with no intake was 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 3.9), adjusted for body mass index, smoking, menopausal status, estrogen use, and current milk consumption. There were indications of a negative dose-response effect of childhood cod liver oil intake on bone. Although the vitamin A content of commercial cod liver oil was recently reduced by 75% in Norway, the past high concentration remains a possible explanation for the observed negative association between childhood cod liver oil intake and forearm BMD.
在一些国家，传统上建议在秋冬季节食用富含维生素A和D的鱼肝油，作为预防维生素D缺乏的一种保护措施。目前尚不清楚儿童时期摄入鱼肝油是否与成年后骨矿物质密度（BMD）的变化或骨折有关。2001年，在基于人群的北特伦德拉格健康研究的一项子研究中，对总共3052名年龄在50至70岁之间的挪威女性测量了前臂骨密度。报告儿童时期未摄入鱼肝油的女性，其骨密度在统计学上显著高于摄入过鱼肝油的女性。与未摄入鱼肝油的女性相比，全年都摄入鱼肝油的女性出现低骨密度（>低于特定年龄均值1个标准差）的比值比为2.3（95%置信区间：1.4, 3.9），并对体重指数、吸烟、绝经状态、雌激素使用情况和当前牛奶摄入量进行了调整。有迹象表明儿童时期摄入鱼肝油对骨骼存在负剂量反应效应。尽管挪威最近将商业鱼肝油中的维生素A含量降低了75%，但过去的高浓度可能仍然是儿童时期摄入鱼肝油与前臂骨密度之间观察到的负相关关系的一个解释。
