Zemore Sarah E
Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Dec;31(12):1968-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00532.x.
In light of the inconsistent evidence associating acculturation with drinking outcomes among Latinos in the United States, the current paper comprehensively reviews the literature on this topic.
Studies were eligible for review if they (1) were published in a refereed journal, (2) were published in English, (3) sampled Latino/Hispanic adults aged 18+, (4) examined self-reported drinking behavior, alcohol-related problems, and/or alcohol abuse/dependence, and (5) reported original results or unique analyses from a larger dataset. The review includes only studies using composite scales of acculturation. Studies were identified via electronic databases (i.e., PSYCHINFO, ETOH, and PUBMED) using search terms, and combinations thereof, including "acculturat*," "alcohol*," "Latino," and "Hispanic." This search was supplemented by recursive checking and author searches. Thirty-two articles were identified and coded on methodological characteristics; results from 24 disaggregating genders and using appropriate outcomes were summarized.
Higher acculturation was very consistently associated with higher odds of drinking among women, even controlling for demographic covariates. The evidence for women also suggested associations between higher acculturation and heavier drinking on other outcomes, including total volume, drinking frequency, typical quantity, heavy/problem drinking, drinking problems, and abuse/dependence, despite some null results. Relationships were weaker and ambiguous among men. Some evidence suggested that highly acculturated men are (compared with peers low on acculturation) more prone to drink, and perhaps as a result, can show higher consumption and problems. However, results also implied that, among male drinkers, higher acculturation may be associated with a lighter drinking pattern. Important study limitations were identified, including low power, aggregation of nondrinkers with drinkers, restrictive sampling, measurement issues, and analytical issues.
The pattern of results suggests important associations between acculturation and drinking outcomes-particularly for women-but conclusions are tempered by serious methodological limitations. The review urges further research, particularly large-scale, longitudinal studies, addressing these limitations.
鉴于在美国拉丁裔人群中，关于文化适应与饮酒结果之间的证据并不一致，本文对该主题的文献进行了全面综述。
符合以下条件的研究可纳入综述：（1）发表于同行评审期刊；（2）以英文发表；（3）样本为18岁及以上的拉丁裔/西班牙裔成年人；（4）研究自我报告的饮酒行为、酒精相关问题和/或酒精滥用/依赖情况；（5）报告来自更大数据集的原始结果或独特分析。该综述仅纳入使用文化适应综合量表的研究。通过电子数据库（即PSYCHINFO、ETOH和PUBMED）使用搜索词及其组合进行检索，包括“acculturat*”“alcohol*”“Latino”和“Hispanic”。通过递归检查和作者搜索对该检索进行补充。共识别出32篇文章，并对其方法学特征进行编码；总结了24篇按性别分类并使用适当结果的文章的结果。
即使控制了人口统计学协变量，文化适应程度较高与女性饮酒几率较高之间的关联非常一致。关于女性的证据还表明，文化适应程度较高与其他饮酒结果（包括饮酒总量、饮酒频率、典型饮酒量、重度/问题饮酒、饮酒问题以及滥用/依赖）之间存在关联，尽管也有一些无显著结果。男性之间的关系较弱且不明确。一些证据表明，文化适应程度高的男性（与文化适应程度低的同龄人相比）更容易饮酒，可能因此表现出更高的饮酒量和问题。然而，结果也表明，在男性饮酒者中，文化适应程度较高可能与较轻的饮酒模式相关。研究发现了重要的局限性，包括统计效能低、将不饮酒者与饮酒者合并、抽样受限、测量问题和分析问题。
结果模式表明文化适应与饮酒结果之间存在重要关联——尤其是对女性而言——但结论因严重的方法学局限性而受到影响。该综述敦促开展进一步研究，特别是大规模的纵向研究，以解决这些局限性。
