Mallol Javier, Castro-Rodriguez José A, Cortez Eliana
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2007;2(1):65-9. doi: 10.2147/copd.2007.2.1.65.
The prevalence of asthma in adolescents markedly varies between different localities as found by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and this may be due to environmental factors. Although tobacco smoke exposure is related to an increase in the prevalence of asthma, there is lack of information on that respect in children from developing countries, where active tobacco smoking usually starts early in adolescence. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the prevalence of asthma symptoms in a random sample of 4738 adolescents aged 13.4 +/- 1.05 years who responded the ISAAC video questionnaires plus questions on tobacco smoking. The prevalence of tobacco smoking in the last 12 months was 16.2%, with significant female predominance. The persistent smokers had a significantly higher prevalence of asthma-like symptoms ever and in the last 12 months (wheezing, wheezing with exercise, nocturnal wheezing, severe wheezing, and dry nocturnal cough) than ex-smokers and nonsmokers. More than 27% of asthma symptoms in our adolescents are attributable to active tobacco consumption (population attributable risk). This study strongly suggests that potent and more effective campaigns against tobacco smoking should be implemented in developing countries, where active tobacco smoking is dramatically increasing in children.
儿童哮喘及过敏国际研究（ISAAC）发现，青少年哮喘的患病率在不同地区存在显著差异，这可能是环境因素所致。尽管接触烟草烟雾与哮喘患病率增加有关，但在发展中国家儿童中，这方面的信息较为匮乏，在这些国家，主动吸烟通常在青春期早期就开始了。本研究旨在评估吸烟对4738名13.4±1.05岁青少年哮喘症状患病率的影响，这些青少年回应了ISAAC视频问卷以及关于吸烟的问题。过去12个月的吸烟率为16.2%，女性占比显著更高。与已戒烟者和非吸烟者相比，持续吸烟者曾经以及过去12个月出现哮喘样症状（喘息声、运动时喘息、夜间喘息、严重喘息和夜间干咳）的患病率显著更高。我们青少年中超过27%的哮喘症状可归因于主动吸烟（人群归因风险）。本研究强烈表明，在主动吸烟在儿童中急剧增加的发展中国家，应开展有力且更有效的禁烟运动。
