Heitzer Marjet D, Wolf Irene M, Sanchez Edwin R, Witchel Selma F, DeFranco Donald B
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007 Dec;8(4):321-30. doi: 10.1007/s11154-007-9059-8.
Glucocorticoid action in cells is mediated by a specific receptor protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR is a member of a superfamily of ligand-inducible transcription factors that control a variety of physiological functions; such as, metabolism, development, and reproduction. Unliganded GR is predominantly localized within the cytoplasm but rapidly and efficiently translocates to the nucleus following hormone binding. This review will focus on the intracellular signaling pathway utilized by the GR including the mechanisms that control its intracellular trafficking, hormone binding and transcriptional regulation. Many receptor-interacting proteins are involved in distinct steps in GR signal transduction, each with a unique mechanism to regulate receptor action and providing potential drug targets for the manipulation of cellular responses to glucocorticoids.
细胞中的糖皮质激素作用由一种特定的受体蛋白——糖皮质激素受体（GR）介导。GR是配体诱导型转录因子超家族的成员，该超家族控制多种生理功能，如代谢、发育和繁殖。未结合配体的GR主要定位于细胞质中，但在激素结合后会迅速且有效地转运至细胞核。本综述将聚焦于GR所利用的细胞内信号通路，包括控制其细胞内运输、激素结合和转录调控的机制。许多与受体相互作用的蛋白参与GR信号转导的不同步骤，每个蛋白都有调节受体作用的独特机制，并为操控细胞对糖皮质激素的反应提供了潜在的药物靶点。
