Naufal Ziad, Zhou Guo-dong, McDonald Thomas, Li Zhiwen, Li Zhu, Donnelly K C
Texas A&M Health Science Center, School of Rural Public Health, College Station, Texas 77843-1266, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Dec;70(24):2080-8. doi: 10.1080/15287390701601376.
Indoor combustion of solid fuel such as coal may generate respirable particles containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that may adhere to settled dust. Dust might therefore present a major source of PAH exposure in humans. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of PAH mixtures extracted from house dust samples. Four dust samples (E1-4) were collected from houses in Shanxi, China, where coal is heavily used for heating and cooking. For comparison, a coal sample was also collected from one of the houses and included in the analyses. The samples were extracted with methylene chloride:acetone (95:5 v/v), dried, and redissolved in appropriate solvents for assessment in genotoxicity assays. Samples were evaluated for their ability to induce point mutations in bacteria and DNA adducts in vivo. DNA adduct levels were analyzed by nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling. PAH were quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Based on chemical analysis, sample E1 had the highest concentration by sampling area of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (181 microg/m2) and total PAH (10100 microg/m2). However, based on the microbial genotoxicity assay, sample E3, with the highest carcinogenic PAH/total PAH ratio (26%), produced the greatest number of revertants. In mice, administration of the extract of coal induced more adducts (9.81 adducts per 10(9) nucleotides) than dust extracts. The results of this study confirm the presence of genotoxic chemicals in residential dust. Inhalation of respirable particles containing similar mixtures of PAH represents a cancer risk for humans.
诸如煤炭等固体燃料的室内燃烧可能会产生含有多环芳烃（PAH）的可吸入颗粒物，这些颗粒物可能会附着在沉降灰尘上。因此，灰尘可能是人类接触PAH的主要来源。本研究评估了从房屋灰尘样本中提取的PAH混合物的体外和体内遗传毒性。从中国山西的房屋中采集了四个灰尘样本（E1 - 4），在这些地方煤炭大量用于取暖和烹饪。为作比较，还从其中一所房屋采集了一个煤炭样本并纳入分析。样本用二氯甲烷：丙酮（95:5 v/v）萃取、干燥，然后重新溶解在合适的溶剂中用于遗传毒性检测评估。评估样本在细菌中诱导点突变以及在体内诱导DNA加合物的能力。通过核酸酶P1增强的32P后标记法分析DNA加合物水平。使用气相色谱/质谱法对PAH进行定量。基于化学分析，样本E1按采样面积计算苯并[a]芘（BaP）浓度最高（181微克/平方米），总PAH浓度最高（10100微克/平方米）。然而，基于微生物遗传毒性检测，致癌PAH/总PAH比率最高（26%）的样本E3产生的回复突变体数量最多。在小鼠中，给予煤炭提取物诱导产生的加合物（每10⁹个核苷酸9.81个加合物）比灰尘提取物更多。本研究结果证实了住宅灰尘中存在具有遗传毒性的化学物质。吸入含有类似PAH混合物的可吸入颗粒物对人类构成癌症风险。
