McCleane Gary
Rampark Pain Centre, 2 Rampark Dromore Road, Lurgan BT66 7JH, Northern Ireland, UK. gary@
Anesthesiol Clin. 2007 Dec;25(4):825-39, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2007.07.004.
Historically, analgesics were applied by the topical route of administration. With the advent of oral formulations of drugs, topical application became less popular among physicians, although patients still rated this method of drug delivery as efficacious and practical. We now appreciate that peripheral mechanisms of actions of a variety of preparations rationalizes their topical application and gives further opportunity to target peripheral receptors and neural pathways that previously required systemic administration to achieve therapeutic effect. Therefore, a peripheral effect can be generated by using locally applied drug and, consequently, systemic concentrations of that drug may not reach the level at which systemic side effects can occur.
从历史上看，镇痛药是通过局部给药途径应用的。随着药物口服制剂的出现，局部应用在医生中变得不那么受欢迎，尽管患者仍然认为这种给药方法有效且实用。我们现在认识到，多种制剂的外周作用机制使它们的局部应用具有合理性，并为靶向先前需要全身给药才能达到治疗效果的外周受体和神经通路提供了更多机会。因此，使用局部应用的药物可以产生外周效应，从而该药物的全身浓度可能不会达到会出现全身副作用的水平。
