Wu Li-Tzy, Pilowsky Daniel J, Patkar Ashwin A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 17969, Durham, NC 27715, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Apr 1;94(1-3):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.023. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
We examined gender-specific prevalences, patterns, and correlates of non-prescribed use of pain relievers - mainly opioids - in a representative sample of American adolescents (N=18,678).
Data were drawn from the public use data file of the 2005 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a survey of non-institutionalized American household residents. The patterns of non-prescribed use of prescription pain relievers were examined, and logistic regression procedures were conducted to identify correlates of non-prescribed use.
Approximately one in 10 adolescents aged 12-17 years reported non-prescribed use of pain relievers in their lifetime (9.3% in males and 10.3% in females). The mean age of first non-prescribed use was 13.3 years, which was similar to the mean age of first use of alcohol and marijuana but older than the age of first inhalant use. Among all non-prescribed users, 52% reported having used hydrocodone products (Vicodin, Lortab, Lorcet, and Lorcet Plus, and hydrocodone), 50% had used propoxyphene (Darvocet or Darvon) or codeine (Tylenol with codeine), and 24% had used oxycodone products (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan, and Tylox). Approximately one quarter (26%) of all non-prescribed users had never used other non-prescribed or illicit drugs. There were gender variations in correlates of non-prescribed use.
Use of non-prescribed pain relievers occurs early in adolescence. Research is needed to understand whether early use of non-prescribed pain relievers is related to later drug use.
我们在美国青少年代表性样本（N = 18,678）中研究了非处方使用止痛剂（主要是阿片类药物）的性别特异性患病率、模式及相关因素。
数据取自2005年美国国家药物使用和健康调查的公共使用数据文件，该调查对象为非机构化美国家庭居民。研究了非处方使用处方止痛剂的模式，并采用逻辑回归程序确定非处方使用的相关因素。
12至17岁的青少年中，约十分之一报告在其一生中曾非处方使用止痛剂（男性为9.3%，女性为10.3%）。首次非处方使用的平均年龄为13.3岁，这与首次使用酒精和大麻的平均年龄相似，但高于首次使用吸入剂的年龄。在所有非处方使用者中，52%报告曾使用氢可酮产品（维柯丁、洛塔布、洛赛特和洛赛特加强型以及氢可酮），50%曾使用丙氧芬（达尔丰或达尔冯）或可待因（含可待因的泰诺），24%曾使用羟考酮产品（奥施康定、 Percocet、Percodan和泰乐）。所有非处方使用者中约四分之一（26%）从未使用过其他非处方或非法药物。非处方使用的相关因素存在性别差异。
非处方使用止痛剂在青少年早期就已出现。需要开展研究以了解早期非处方使用止痛剂是否与后期药物使用有关。
