Leggat Peter A, Kedjarune Ureporn, Smith Derek R
Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Ind Health. 2007 Oct;45(5):611-21. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.45.611.
Despite numerous technical advances in recent years, many occupational health problems still persist in modern dentistry. These include percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI); exposure to infectious diseases (including bioaerosols), radiation, dental materials, and noise; musculoskeletal disorders; dermatitis and respiratory disorders; eye injuries; and psychological problems. PEI remain a particular concern, as there is an almost constant risk of exposure to serious infectious agents. Strategies to minimise PEI and their consequences should continue to be employed, including sound infection control practices, continuing education and hepatitis B immunisation. As part of any infection control protocols, dentists should continue to utilise personal protective measures and appropriate sterilisation or other high-level disinfection techniques. Aside from biological hazards, dentists continue to suffer a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), especially of the back, neck and shoulders. To fully understand the nature of these problems, further studies are needed to identify causative factors and other correlates of MSD. Continuing education and investigation of appropriate interventions to help reduce the prevalence of MSD and contact dermatitis are also needed. For these reasons, it is therefore important that dentists remain constantly informed regarding up-to-date measures on how to deal with newer technologies and dental materials.
尽管近年来有众多技术进步，但现代牙科领域仍存在许多职业健康问题。这些问题包括经皮暴露事件（PEI）；接触传染病（包括生物气溶胶）、辐射、牙科材料和噪音；肌肉骨骼疾病；皮炎和呼吸系统疾病；眼部损伤；以及心理问题。经皮暴露事件仍然是一个特别令人担忧的问题，因为几乎始终存在接触严重传染源的风险。应继续采用将经皮暴露事件及其后果降至最低的策略，包括合理的感染控制措施、继续教育和乙肝免疫接种。作为任何感染控制方案的一部分，牙医应继续使用个人防护措施以及适当的灭菌或其他高水平消毒技术。除了生物危害外，牙医的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）患病率仍然很高，尤其是背部、颈部和肩部。为了充分了解这些问题的本质，需要进一步研究以确定肌肉骨骼疾病的致病因素和其他相关因素。还需要进行继续教育并研究适当的干预措施，以帮助降低肌肉骨骼疾病和接触性皮炎的患病率。出于这些原因，牙医持续了解有关如何应对新技术和牙科材料的最新措施非常重要。
