Moss J A, Burreson E M, Cordes J F, Dungan C F, Brown G D, Wang A, Wu X, Reece K S
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2007 Oct 15;77(3):207-23. doi: 10.3354/dao01829.
With the drastic decline of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica populations in the Chesapeake Bay due to over-fishing, diseases and habitat destruction, there is interest in Maryland and Virginia in utilizing the non-native oyster species Crassostrea ariakensis for aquaculture, fishery resource enhancement, and ecological restoration. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) recommends that non-native species be examined for ecological, genetic and disease relationships in the native range prior to a deliberate introduction to a new region. Therefore, a pathogen survey of C. ariakensis and other sympatric oyster species was conducted on samples collected in the PR China, Japan and Korea using molecular diagnostics and histopathology. Molecular assays focused on 2 types of pathogens: protistan parasites in the genus Perkinsus and herpesviruses, both with known impacts on commercially important molluscan species around the world, including Asia. PCR amplification and DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene complex revealed the presence of 2 Perkinsus species not currently found in USA waters: P. olseni and an undescribed species. In addition, 3 genetic strains of molluscan herpesviruses were detected in oysters from several potential C. ariakensis broodstock acquisition sites in Asia. Viral gametocytic hypertrophy, Chlamydia-like organisms, a Steinhausia-like microsporidian, Perkinsus sp., Nematopsis sp., ciliates, and cestodes were also detected by histopathology.
由于过度捕捞、疾病和栖息地破坏，切萨皮克湾的东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）种群数量急剧下降，因此马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州有意利用非本地牡蛎物种——香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）进行水产养殖、渔业资源增殖和生态修复。国际海洋考察理事会（ICES）建议，在有意将非本地物种引入新区域之前，先在其原生范围内对其生态、遗传和疾病关系进行研究。因此，利用分子诊断和组织病理学方法，对在中国、日本和韩国采集的样本进行了香港巨牡蛎和其他同域分布牡蛎物种的病原体调查。分子检测主要针对两类病原体：帕金虫属（Perkinsus）的原生动物寄生虫和疱疹病毒，这两类病原体对包括亚洲在内的世界各地具有重要商业价值的软体动物物种均有已知影响。对rRNA基因复合体内部转录间隔区的PCR扩增和DNA序列数据显示，在美国水域目前尚未发现的两种帕金虫物种存在：奥尔森帕金虫（P. olseni）和一种未描述的物种。此外，在亚洲几个可能的香港巨牡蛎亲贝采集地的牡蛎中检测到了3种软体动物疱疹病毒的遗传菌株。通过组织病理学还检测到了病毒性配子细胞肥大、衣原体样生物、类斯坦豪斯微孢子虫、帕金虫属、线虫状生物、纤毛虫和绦虫。
