Small pumps for ventricular assistance: progress in mechanical circulatory support.

Compared with earlier models, current pumps are much smaller, simpler, and more efficient, offering long-term or even permanent support. They fit a wider size range of patients and are less invasive to implant. Because they have few moving parts, they are less susceptible to infection and failure. Additionally, they offer much greater patient comfort, allowing a relatively normal lifestyle. This article focuses on the current state of continuous-flow pumps for both temporary and long-term use in treating acute and chronic heart failure.