Oreb Mislav, Tews Ivo, Schleiff Enrico
LMU München, Cluster of Excellence CIPS, Department of Biology I, Menziger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany.
Trends Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;18(1):19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.10.002.
The organization of eukaryotic cells into different membrane-enclosed compartments requires an ordered and regulated system for targeting and translocating proteins synthesized in the cytosol across organellar membranes. Protein translocation through integral membrane proteinaceous complexes shares common principles in different organelles, whereas molecular mechanisms and energy requirements are diverse. Translocation into mitochondria and plastids requires most proteins to cross two membranes, and translocation must be regulated to accommodate environmental or metabolic changes. In the last decade, the first ideas were formulated about the regulation of protein translocation into chloroplasts, thereby laying the foundation for this field. Here, we describe recent models for the regulation of translocation by precursor protein phosphorylation, receptor dimerization, redox sensing and calcium signaling. We suggest how these mechanisms might fit within the regulatory framework for the entry of proteins into chloroplasts.
真核细胞组织成不同的膜封闭区室需要一个有序且受调控的系统，用于将胞质溶胶中合成的蛋白质靶向运输并跨细胞器膜转运。通过整合膜蛋白复合物进行的蛋白质转运在不同细胞器中具有共同原则，而分子机制和能量需求则各不相同。转运到线粒体和质体中需要大多数蛋白质穿过两层膜，并且转运必须受到调控以适应环境或代谢变化。在过去十年中，人们首次提出了关于蛋白质转运到叶绿体中的调控的想法，从而为该领域奠定了基础。在这里，我们描述了通过前体蛋白磷酸化、受体二聚化、氧化还原感应和钙信号传导来调控转运的最新模型。我们提出了这些机制可能如何融入蛋白质进入叶绿体的调控框架。
