Interaction between complex motion patterns in the perception of shape.

We investigated how different types of complex motion patterns interact in the perception of shape. We used global dot-motion stimuli which consisted of two superimposed groups of dots; one group of dots moved along an ellipsoidal trajectory (target pattern), while the other group of dots was divided into quadrants with dots in alternating sectors moving in radial expanding and radial contracting directions (background pattern). In the first experiment, observers judged whether the major axis of an ellipsoidal motion pattern oriented at 45 degrees or -45 degrees from vertical lay to the right or to the left of a central vertical line. Ellipsoids with different aspect ratios, which controlled both the tilt (left or right of vertical) and the extent of ellipsoidal curvature, were presented to observers using method of constant stimuli. The appearance of the ellipsoidal target pattern was distorted in the presence of background motion. The aspect ratio of the target at which observers perceived the figure to be circular was approximately 0.86 (an aspect ratio of 1.0 indicates a circle), with the pattern's major axis lying in the two sectors that contained contracting motion. This finding may constitute evidence that background motion distorts the perception of space, resulting in a distorted target pattern. However, the distortion effect is limited to conditions for which the speed of the target pattern and background pattern was slow and high contrast, and for when dots forming the target and background patterns were of the same luminance polarity.