Audenaert Emmanuel A, Barbaix Erik J, Van Hoonacker Petrus, Berghs Bart M
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008 Jan-Feb;17(1 Suppl):114S-117S. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.06.014. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
Developmental anomalies of the long head of the biceps tendon are rare and have been described in the literature mainly dealing with anatomy and embryology. Because most basic embryologic research on this topic was conducted before 1966, a literature search was performed from archived anatomy textbooks and manuscript references. These data were compared with the scarce case descriptions of developmental anomalies of the long head of the biceps tendon. An additional case illustration from our own experience was provided. From the literature, it appears that during the embryologic phase of development, a staged migration of the long head of the biceps tendon occurs from a position between the fibrous capsule and synovial layer to an intraarticular position. Recent anatomic and arthroscopic case reports have shown that interruption of this migration can occur in any of these stages. Given the recent increase in arthroscopic shoulder surgery, anomalies of the long head of the biceps tendon will be encountered more frequently. Knowledge of their existence and origin can help in evaluating unexpected anatomic variations or the absence of the biceps tendon in preoperative medical imaging or during an arthroscopic procedure.
肱二头肌长头的发育异常较为罕见，文献中主要是在解剖学和胚胎学方面有所描述。由于关于该主题的大多数基础胚胎学研究是在1966年之前进行的，因此我们从存档的解剖学教科书和手稿参考文献中进行了文献检索。将这些数据与肱二头肌长头发育异常的稀少病例描述进行了比较。并提供了一个来自我们自身经验的病例插图。从文献中可知，在胚胎发育阶段，肱二头肌长头会从纤维囊和滑膜层之间的位置分阶段迁移至关节内位置。最近的解剖学和关节镜病例报告显示，这种迁移在任何阶段都可能中断。鉴于近年来关节镜下肩部手术的增加，肱二头肌长头的异常将会更频繁地被遇到。了解它们的存在和起源有助于在术前医学影像检查或关节镜手术过程中评估意外的解剖变异或肱二头肌肌腱的缺失情况。
