Sanderson Hans, Fauser Patrik, Thomsen Marianne, Sørensen Peter B
National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Policy Analysis, Frederiksborgvej 399, Post Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
J Hazard Mater. 2008 Jun 15;154(1-3):846-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.117. Epub 2007 Nov 9.
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been disposed of in various fashions over the past decades. Significant amounts (approximately 11,000 tonnes) have been dumped in the Baltic Sea east of the island Bornholm following the disarmament of Germany after World War II, causing concerns over potential environmental risks. Absence of risk based on assumptions of extremely low solubility of CWAs cannot alone dismiss these concerns. Existing and modelled fate and effects data were used in the analysis to assess the fish community risk level. The most realistic and also conservative assessment result is the scenario describing 70 m water depth for the most realistic dump-site area with a focus on chronic toxicity, at 0-20 cm above the sediment, yielding a total mixture toxic unit (TU) of 0.62. Triphenylarsine is the CWA with the highest realistic risk profile at 0.2 TU for the fish community followed by Adamsite (0.17), Clark I (0.086) and Yperite (0.083) TU. Adamsite is more persistent and constitutes a potential risk for a longer period than triphenylarsine. The seawater volume potentially at risk is <4 m above sediment and <58 km down current of dump sites. Further risk assessment of dumped CWAs in the Baltic Sea is warranted.
在过去几十年里，化学战剂（CWAs）已通过各种方式进行了处置。第二次世界大战后德国裁军后，大量（约11000吨）化学战剂被倾倒在博恩霍尔姆岛以东的波罗的海，引发了对潜在环境风险的担忧。仅基于化学战剂极低溶解度的假设而认为不存在风险，无法消除这些担忧。分析中使用了现有的以及模拟的归宿和影响数据来评估鱼类群落的风险水平。最现实且保守的评估结果是，针对最现实的倾倒区域（水深70米），重点关注沉积物上方0至20厘米处的慢性毒性，得出的总混合物毒性单位（TU）为0.62。对于鱼类群落而言，三苯胂是具有最高现实风险的化学战剂，毒性单位为0.2，其次是亚当氏气（0.17）、克拉克一号（0.086）和芥子气（0.083）毒性单位。亚当氏气比三苯胂更持久，在更长时期内构成潜在风险。沉积物上方<4米以及倾倒点下游<58公里的海水量可能处于风险之中。有必要对波罗的海倾倒的化学战剂进行进一步的风险评估。
