Bouvarel I, Chagneau A M, Lescoat P, Tesseraud S, Leterrier C
Institut Technique de l'Aviculture, BP1, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
Poult Sci. 2008 Jan;87(1):196-203. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00205.
Sequential feeding is a cyclic feeding program with 2 diets for 1 or several days used to induce lower feed costs or to improve welfare quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of energy [2,800 (E-) and 3,200 kcal/kg (E+)] and protein [230 (P+) and 150 g/kg (P-)] content on daily feed intake and growth in 900 male broiler chickens, and to compare these results with standard feeding (CP = 190 g/kg and ME = 3,000 kcal/kg). Sequential feeding was carried out during 48-h cycles in 2 periods (period 1 = 10 to 17 d of age, period 2 = 18 to 29 d of age). Four treatments were compared during periods 1 and 2: 1) complete diet (C), 2) alternation of diets varying in CP (SP = P+ followed by P-), 3) in energy (S(E) = E- followed by E+), 4) in protein and energy contents (S(EPA) = P+E- followed by P-E+). A fifth treatment (S(EPB)) used an alternation in protein and energy contents during period 2 only. All chickens received the same feed during the finishing period (30 to 35 d of age). Feed intake was similar with sequential feeding and complete feed, but in proportion to total feed intake, chickens overconsumed high energy feeds (E+ and E+P-) during each period, and P- only for period 2 (P < 0.01). During period 2, overconsumption was greater with S(EPA) than S(EPB) (P < 0.01). Weight gain was similar for all treatments during period 1. At 35 d of age, S(E) chickens were heavier than S(EPA) and S(EPB) (P < 0.01). Feed to gain ratio was similar for all treatments for period 1 and increased for S(P), S(EPA), and S(EPB) compared with C and S(E) for period 2 (P < 0.01). Walking ability, carcass conformation, breast yield, and abdominal fat did not differ between treatments, but ultimate pH of breast meat was improved with S(P). In conclusion, growth and slaughtering performances similar to standard feeding can be reached with 48-h cycle sequential feeding using diets varying in protein and energy contents.
序贯饲喂是一种循环饲喂方案，在1天或数天内使用两种日粮，以降低饲料成本或提高福利质量。本研究的目的是调查能量[2800（E-）和3200千卡/千克（E+）]和蛋白质[230（P+）和150克/千克（P-）]含量对900只雄性肉鸡日采食量和生长的影响，并将这些结果与标准饲喂（粗蛋白=190克/千克，代谢能=3000千卡/千克）进行比较。序贯饲喂在48小时周期内分两个阶段进行（阶段1=10至17日龄，阶段2=18至29日龄）。在阶段1和阶段2比较了四种处理：1）全价日粮（C），2）粗蛋白含量不同的日粮交替（SP=P+后接P-），3）能量交替（S(E)=E-后接E+），4）蛋白质和能量含量交替（S(EPA)=P+E-后接P-E+）。第五种处理（S(EPB)）仅在阶段2采用蛋白质和能量含量交替。所有鸡在育肥期（30至35日龄）接受相同的饲料。序贯饲喂和全价饲料的采食量相似，但按总采食量比例计算，鸡在每个阶段都过量采食高能量饲料（E+和E+P-），仅在阶段2过量采食P-（P<0.01）。在阶段2，S(EPA)的过量采食量大于S(EPB)（P<0.01）。在阶段1，所有处理的体重增加相似。在35日龄时，S(E)组的鸡比S(EPA)和S(EPB)组重（P<0.01）。在阶段1，所有处理的料重比相似，在阶段2，与C组和S(E)组相比，S(P)、S(EPA)和S(EPB)组的料重比增加（P<0.01）。各处理之间的行走能力、胴体形态、胸肉产量和腹部脂肪没有差异，但S(P)组改善了胸肉的最终pH值。总之，使用蛋白质和能量含量不同的日粮进行48小时周期的序贯饲喂，可以达到与标准饲喂相似的生长和屠宰性能。
