Netea Mihai G, Brown Gordon D, Kullberg Bart Jan, Gow Neil A R
Department of Medicine and Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Jan;6(1):67-78. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1815.
The innate immune response was once considered to be a limited set of responses that aimed to contain an infection by primitive 'ingest and kill' mechanisms, giving the host time to mount a specific humoral and cellular immune response. In the mid-1990s, however, the discovery of Toll-like receptors heralded a revolution in our understanding of how microorganisms are recognized by the innate immune system, and how this system is activated. Several major classes of pathogen-recognition receptors have now been described, each with specific abilities to recognize conserved bacterial structures. The challenge ahead is to understand the level of complexity that underlies the response that is triggered by pathogen recognition. In this Review, we use the fungal pathogen Candida albicans as a model for the complex interaction that exists between the host pattern-recognition systems and invading microbial pathogens.
固有免疫反应曾被认为是一组有限的反应，旨在通过原始的“吞噬并杀灭”机制控制感染，为宿主争取时间以启动特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。然而，在20世纪90年代中期，Toll样受体的发现预示着我们对固有免疫系统如何识别微生物以及该系统如何被激活的理解发生了一场革命。现在已经描述了几大类病原体识别受体，每一类都具有识别保守细菌结构的特定能力。未来的挑战是了解病原体识别所触发的反应背后的复杂程度。在本综述中，我们以真菌病原体白色念珠菌作为宿主模式识别系统与入侵微生物病原体之间复杂相互作用的模型。
